David McDowall An Illustrated History of Britain 2006.pdf

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A N I LLU STRATED
HISTORY OF
-
-
BRITAIN
David McDowall
•
Pearson Education Limited,
Edinburgh
Gate, Harlow,
Essex
CM20
2/E,
England
and
Associated Companies
throughout the
world.
urunalongman.c
om
©
Longm
an Group UK Limited
1989
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written permission of
the Publishers.
First publi
shed
1989
Tw
enty-first
impression
2006
British Libra
ry Catalogui
ng in
Pu
blication Dat
a
McD
owall ,
David
An illu
strated hist
ory
of
Britain
.
1.
Great
Britain-Hi
stor y
1.Title
941
DA3
0
ISBN-H
978-0-5B2-74914-6
ISBN-1O,
0-5B
2-74914-X
Set in
11/
13 pt Goudy O
ld Style
Printed in
China
GCC
/ 21
Acknowledgements
W
e are grateful to Penguin Books Ltd for permission to reprod
uce
an
extract from
TheCanterbury
Tales
by
Geoffrey
Chaucer,
translated
by
Nevd
l
Coghtll
[Pen
guin
C1a5sics,
1951, 1958, 1960)
,
copy
right
(c)
Nevill Co
ghill,
195
1, 1958,
1960.
W
e
are
gratefu
l
to
the
following for permission to reproduce
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pyright
pho
to graphs:
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) and
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p left
). Bama
by's
Picture
Library
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d
176
(bo
tto m);
BBC
Hulton Pict
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Library (o
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141, 144, 151, 154, 163
and
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24v)
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xford
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41v)
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38
(right
);
[an
er
and Colin
Bord
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an
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rt
Lihr<l
ry/Briti sh
Museum
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n for page
98
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man Ar
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Librarv/T
lc hbome
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k,
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mpsh
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),
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146;
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stees of
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e
Brit
ish
Museum
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r pages
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and
9
1;
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mera
Press London
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pages
175. 179
and
183
(Alben Wa
tso n );
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Allan
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o verni ng Body of Christ
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hurch
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rd
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62;
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nsne's
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r
page
139
(top)
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unci l
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an
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Record
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720(
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59;
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Library of Co
ngress for
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esrm inst cr for
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Collecti
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Buccleuch
and
Q
ueen sherrv, K.T
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uardian
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I1
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ight
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on
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Historical Monuments
of
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t); Michael
Holford fo
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News
Pict
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Library (o
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War Museum
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avurock
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oburn A
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Kcnnerh McNally
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19:
Museu
m of London for
page
142.
Directo
r
of
th
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Nat
ional Ar
my Museum,
Chelsea, London
for page
147;
Natio
nal
Ga
llery
of Canada, O
ttawa for
page
124.
Reprod
uced by co
urtesy
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f
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rusrees.
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tio nal
Gallery, Londo
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(right)
and
119;
Na
tio nal
Library of
Ireland
,
Lawrence
Collection
11566
for page
150;
The Nationa
l Mannme
Museu
m
London
for pages 66 and
126-
7
(bo
tto m);
National Portrait G
aliery
for
pages
51. 53, 67
,
68,71. 87, 94
an
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139
(bottom); The National
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Phot
ographic Library for page
130;
No
rth
Yo
rkshire
Cou
n
rv
Library
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Poppc
rfOto
for page
167.
David
Redfe
m for page
171;
Or
P.J.
Revnold
s
for
page 6
[right}
;
T
rustees of
thc
Science
Museu
m,
London
for page
lOO.
Sheffield C
ity Librar
ics for page 133;
Sh
el l for
page
176
(to
p);
T
he Board
of
T
rin
it y Co
llege, Duhl
in
for
page
19;
To
ny
Sto
ne
Pbo
roltbrarv
-.
London for page 2: U
nlversuv
Museum
of
Na
t ional Antiqu
ities,
Oslo, No
rway
for page
16;
Board of
T
rustees
of t
he Vict
ori a and A
lbert Museum for pages
101
and
110;
T
he
Vic
to ria
A
rt
G
allery.
Bath City Cou
nci
l
for
page
116;
Wales
T
o urist Board for page
52;
W
alker A
rt
Ga
llery, Liverpoo
l
for
page
122
(bo
tto m ); Weald and Downland
Open
A
ir
Museum,
Si
ngleto n,
Chichester, Wc
st Sussex for pale
63.;
West Stow A
nglo-Saxo n
Vil
lage
[rust
fo
r page
13; Wmdsor
C
ast
e,
Ro
yal LIbrary
©
Her MaJcsty
the
Q
ueen for page
30;
W
ooclmaost ernelM uscum of
Lond
on for page 10.
Cover
phot
ographs by:
Bod
l~ian
Li.brary,
O
xford
(Ms
Bodl
y
764 f .
e
41
v] (top righ
t};
A.F
.
Ker
snn g (m
idd le left
);
The Marquess
o
f
T avisrock
and the
T
rustees
of
the
Bedford
Estate
s,
W
ob urn Ab
bey
(midd
le righ
t
);
The
Natio
nal Marit
ime
M
useum , London
(m
iddle top
&
bo
t to m
righ
t);
N
atio nal Portrait
G
allery,
Londo
n
(to
p left
);
Popperfoto
(bo
tto m left
);
T
on y S
to
ne
Ph
otolibra ry-London for
t
he
bac
kground .
Pict
ure Research
by Sand
ra
Assersoh
n
Contents
Earliest times
Chapter 1
Chapter
2
The foundation stones
The island' Britain
's
prehi
stor y'
The
C
elts· The Romans' Roman
life
The
Saxon
invasion
The invaders
'
Governme
nt
and society' C
hristianity:
the pa
rtne rship
of C
hurch
an
d
state
' The
Vikings
'
W
ho
sho
uld be kin
g?
The Celtic kingdoms
Wales
'
Ireland
'
Scotl
and
3
11
Chapter
3
18
The early
Middle
Ages
Chapter 4
Conquest and feudal rule
T
he
Norman Conquest·
Feudalism
.
Kingshi
p: a
famil
y
busine
ss'
Magna Carta
and
th
e
decline
of
feudalism
The power of the kings
of
Eng
land
C
hurch
and stat
e
'
T
he beginn
ings
of
Parliament· Dealin
g
with
the Celts
Government and society
23
Chapter 5
Chapter
6
29
34
T
he
growth of govern
ment · Law
and
just
ice'
Religious belie
fs· O
rdina ry people
in
co
untry
and
town' The growt
h
of
towns as
centres of
wealth : Language,
literature
and cu
lture
The late
Middle
Ages
Chapter 7
The century of war
,
plague and disorder
War with Scotl
and
and Fran
ce'
The age
of ch
ivalry
' The century of plagues
'
The poor in revolt· Heresy
and ortho
doxy
The crisis of kings and nob
les
T
he
cr
isis
of
kingshi
p ' Wa
les in revolt· The
struggle
in
France
'
The
Wa
rs
of the
Roses
. Sco
tla nd
Government and society
Gover
nment
and socie
ty '
The co
ndition
of
women
·
Language
and culture
43
Chapter
8
51
Chapter 9
57
The Tudors
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
The birth of the nation sta
te
T
he new mon
arch y
'
The Reformation' The Prot
estant- Catholic struggle
England and her neighbo
urs
T
he
new fore
ign
policy
' The new tradin
g empire
'
Wales' Ireland
· Sco
tla nd
and
England' Mary Q
ueen
of Scots
and
th
e Sco
tt ish Reform
ati on
'
A Scottish
kin
g for
England
Government and society
67
73
Cha
pter
12
79
Tudor parliaments' Rich
and
poor in town
and count
ry' Domestic life'
Lan
guage and
culture
The Stuarts
Chapter 13
Chapt
er
14
Crown and
Parliament
Parliament against
the
C
rown ' Religious disagreemen
t· C
ivil
war
Republican and
Re
storation
Britain
Rep
ublican Britain
' Catho
licism,
the C
rown
and
th
e
new
const
itut iona l
monarchy
'
Sco
tla nd and Ireland' Foreign relati
on s
Life
and th
ought
T
he revolut
ion
in th
ought ·
Life
and work
in
the Stuart age'
Famil
y
life
87
92
Chapter
15
98
The eighteenth century
C
ha pte r
16
T
he political world
Polit
ics
and fi
na nce '
W
ilkes and libert
y ·
Rad
icalism and
the loss
of the American
co
lon ies' Ireland
'
Sco
tla nd
Life in town and country
T
own
life' The rich· The
co
untrys ide'
Family
life
T
he years of revolution
Industri
al
revoluri
on
.
Soc
iety
and religion
' Revolu
tion in
France
and the
Na
poleonic W
ars
107
Chapter
17
Chapter 18
114
121
The
nineteenth
century
Chapter
19
Chapter 20
The years of power and danger
The danger
at
home,
1815-
32
.
Reform
' Workers revo
lt · Famil
y
life
The years of self-confidence
T
he railway
'
The rise of th
e
middl
e
classes
'
The
growth of
towns
and cities'
Popul
ation and
politi
cs ' Q
ueen
and
mon
arch y· Q
ueen
an
d
emp
ire'
Wa
les,
Sco
tland
and
Irelan
d
The end of an age
Soc
ial
and eco
nomic improvem
en ts '
The importan
ce of sport· C
ha nges in
th
inki ng'
T
he
end of "Eng
land's
summe
r"
.
The
stor
m
clo
uds
of
war
131
138
Chapter
21
151
The twentieth century
Chapter 22
Britain at war
The First W
orld
W
ar '
The rise
of
th
e
Labour Party
'
The rights
of
women'
Ireland' Disappointmen
t and
depression
'
The
Second World War
159
Chapter 23
The age of uncertainty
The new international
order'
The welfare
state
'
Yout
hful Britain
' A popular
mon
arch y '
The
loss
of emp
ire ' Britain,
Europe
and
the U
ni ted
States' Northe
rn
Ireland
.
Scotla
nd
and W
ales ' The
years of
disconten
t ·
The new
po
lit ics '
Britain
: past,
presen
t
and futur
e
168

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