A Medieval Bestiary by JL Schrader - The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin v44 №1 Summer 1986.pdf

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A
MEDIEV
byj L. Schrader
THE METROPOLITANMUSEUM OF ART
The Metropolitan Museum of Art
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www.jstor.org
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should
he word
"BEASTS"
properlybe used for lions, leop-
ards, tigers, wolves, foxes, dogs,
monkeysand others that rage about
with tooth and claw.They are accus-
tomed to freedomby nature, and they
go whereverthey want to go.
T
L
will stand up to anybody.He is
the Prince of All Animals.The
courageof these creaturesis seatedin
theirhearts. Theirbrowsand tail-tufts
are an index to theirdisposition.
Althoughthey fear the creakingof
wheels, they are frightenedby fires
even more so.
Scientistssay that Leo has three
His
principalcharacteristics: firstfea-
ture is, that he lovesto roveon the tops
of mountains.That way the smell of
approachinghuntersreachesup to
him, and he disguiseshis spoorwith his
tail. The lion'ssecond featureis, that
when he sleeps, he seems to keep his
eyes open. The thirdfeatureis, that
when a lionessgives birthto her cubs,
she brings them forth dead and lays
them up lifelessfor three days-until
theirfather,coming on the thirdday,
breathesin theirfaces and inspirits
them. Justso did the FatherOmnipo-
tent raiseOurLordJesusChristfrom
the dead on the thirdday.
It is said the littersof these crea-
turescome in three. Shortlions with
curly manes are peaceful;tall ones with
plain hair are fierce.
So far as theirrelationswith men
are concerned,the natureof lions is
EO
the Lion, mightiestof beasts,
that they do not get angry unlessthey
are wounded. The compassionof lions,
on the contrary,is clearfrom innu-
merableexamples-for they spare the
prostrate;they allowsuch captivesas
they come acrossto go back to their
own country; they preyon men rather
than on women, and they do not kill
childrenexceptwhen they are very
hungry.
lions abstain from
Furthermore,
over-eating;they only take food and
drink on alternatedays and, when they
have eaten too much, they pop their
paws carefullyinto their mouthsand of
their own accordextractthe meat. A
lion turns up its nose at yesterday's
din-
ner and will go awayhungryfrom food
that has been left over.
In the roar of this beast is such
naturalterriblenessthat many animals,
which could escape his chargeby their
speed, are paralyzedby the verysound
of his voice. A sick lion searchesfor a
monkeyto eat, by which means he can
be cured. A lion fears a cock, especially
a white one. He is harassedby the tiny
sting of a scorpion,and snake poison
kills him.
A lion, like the king he is, disdains
to have a lot of differentwives.
Below:Lion graspingcalf, columnsupport.
Italian (probablyReggioEmilia),12th cen-
tury.Opposite:Lion, fresco.Spanish (Bur-
gos Province),about 1230
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