EXJ_19.PDF

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XJ
STEERING
19 - 1
STEERING
CONTENTS
page
page
POWER STEERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
POWER STEERING PUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
POWER STEERING GEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
STEERING LINKAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
STEERING COLUMN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
POWER STEERING
INDEX
page
GENERAL INFORMATION
STEERING SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
page
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
POWER STEERING SYSTEM
DIAGNOSIS CHARTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
GENERAL INFORMATION
STEERING SYSTEM
The power steering system has a hydraulic pump.
The pump is a constant flow rate and displacement ,
vane-type pump. The pump on the 4.0L engine has a
reservoir mounted to it (Fig. 1). The 2.5L engine has
a remote mounted reservoir.
The steering gear used is a recirculating ball type
gear. The gear acts as a rolling thread between the
worm shaft and the rack piston. When the steering
wheel is turned the worm shaft turns which moves
the rack piston. The rack piston movement turns the
pitman shaft which is connected to the steering link-
age by the pitman arm. This gear is used on all mod-
els.
The power steering system consists of:
•
Hydraulic pump
•
Recirculating ball steering gear
•
Steering column
•
Steering linkage
Fig. 1 Power Steering Gear & Pump - 4.0L
NOTE: Right hand drive (RHD) and left hand drive
(LHD) service procedures and torque specifications
for steering linkage, gear and column are the same.
The power steering pump procedures are different.
Refer to appropriate service procedures regarding
each component in the system.
19 - 2
STEERING
XJ
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
POWER STEERING SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS CHARTS
STEERING NOISE
There is some noise in all power steering systems. One of the most common is a hissing sound evident at a
standstill parking. Or when the steering wheel is at the end of it’s travel. Hiss is a high frequency noise similar
to that of a water tap being closed slowly. The noise is present in all valves that have a high velocity fluid passing
through an orifice. There is no relationship between this noise and steering performance.
CONDITION
OBJECTIONAL HISS OR
WHISTLE
POSSIBLE CAUSES
1. Steering intermediate shaft to dash panel
seal.
2. Noisy valve in power steering gear.
RATTLE OR CLUNK
1. Gear mounting bolts loose.
2. Loose or damaged suspension
components.
3. Loose or damaged steering linkage.
4. Internal gear noise.
5. Pressure hose in contact with other
components.
CHIRP OR SQUEAL
WHINE OR GROWL
1. Loose belt.
1. Low fluid level.
2. Pressure hose in contact with other
components.
3. Internal pump noise.
SUCKING AIR SOUND
1. Loose return line clamp.
2. O-ring missing or damaged on hose
fitting.
3. Low fluid level.
4. Air leak between pump and reservoir.
SCRUBBING OR
KNOCKING
1. Wrong tire size.
2. Wrong gear.
CORRECTION
1. Check and repair seal at dash
panel.
2. Replace steering gear.
1. Tighten bolts to specification.
2. Inspect and repair suspension.
3. Inspect and repair steering
linkage.
4. Replace gear.
5. Reposition hose.
1. Adjust or replace.
1. Fill to proper level.
2. Reposition hose.
3. Replace pump.
1. Replace clamp.
2. Replace o-ring.
3. Fill to proper level.
4. Repair as necessary.
1. Verify tire size.
2. Verify gear.
XJ
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued)
BINDING AND STICKING
CONDITION
DIFFICULT TO TURN WHEEL
STICKS OR BINDS
POSSIBLE CAUSE
1. Low fluid level.
2. Tire pressure.
3. Steering component.
4. Loose belt.
5. Low pump pressure.
6. Column shaft coupler binding.
7. Steering gear worn or out of
adjustment.
STEERING
19 - 3
CORRECTION
1. Fill to proper level.
2. Adjust tire pressure.
3. Inspect and lube.
4. Adjust or replace.
5. Pressure test and replace if
necessary.
6. Replace coupler.
7. Repair or replace gear.
INSUFFICIENT ASST. OR POOR RETURN TO CENTER
CONDITION
HARD TURNING OR MOMENTARY
INCREASE IN TURNING EFFORT
POSSIBLE CAUSE
1. Tire pressure.
2. Low fluid level.
3. Loose belt.
4. Lack of lubrication.
5. Low pump pressure.
6. Internal gear leak.
STEERING WHEEL
DOES NOT WANT TO RETURN TO
CENTER POSITION
1. Tire pressure.
2. Wheel alignment.
3. Lack of lubrication.
4. High friction in steering gear.
CORRECTION
1. Adjust tire pressure.
2. Fill to proper level.
3. Adjust or replace.
4. Inspect and lubricate steering and
suspension compnents.
5. Pressure test and repair as
necessary.
6. Pressure and flow test, and repair
as necessary.
1. Adjust tire pressure.
2. Align front end.
3. Inspect and lubricate steering and
suspension compnents.
4. Test and adjust as necessary.
19 - 4
STEERING
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DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING (Continued)
LOOSE STEERING AND VEHICLE LEAD
CONDITION
EXCESSIVE PLAY IN STEERING
WHEEL
POSSIBLE CAUSE
1. Worn or loose suspension or
steering components.
2. Worn or loose wheel bearings.
3. Steering gear mounting.
4. Gear out of adjustment.
5. Worn or loose steering coupler.
VEHICLE PULLS OR LEADS TO
ONE SIDE
1. Tire Pressure.
2. Radial tire lead.
3. Brakes dragging.
4. Wheel alignment.
5. Weak or broken spring.
6. Loose or worn steering or
suspension components.
CORRECTION
1. Repair as necessary.
2. Repair as necessary.
3. Tighten gear mounting bolts to
specification.
4. Adjust gear to specification.
5. Repair as necessary.
1. Adjust tire pressure.
2. Cross front tires.
3. Repair as necessary.
4. Align vehicle.
5. Replace spring.
6. Repair as necessary.
XJ
STEERING
19 - 5
POWER STEERING PUMP
INDEX
page
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
POWER STEERING PUMP . . . . . . .
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
POWER FLOW AND PRESSURE . . .
PUMP LEAKAGE DIAGNOSIS . . . . .
SERVICE PROCEDURES
POWER STEERING PUMP – INITIAL
OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION
POWER STEERING PUMP . . . . . . .
page
PUMP RESERVOIR-2.5L . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY
PUMP PULLEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
PUMP RESERVOIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
FLOW CONTROL VALVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
SPECIFICATIONS
TORQUE CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
SPECIAL TOOLS
POWER STEERING PUMP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
.......... 5
.......... 5
.......... 6
.......... 6
.......... 7
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
POWER STEERING PUMP
Hydraulic pressure is provided for operation of the
power steering gear by a belt driven power steering
pump. The power steering pump is a constant flow
rate and displacement, vane-type pump. The internal
parts in the housing operate submerged in fluid. The
flow control orifice is part of the high pressure line
fitting. The pressure relief valve inside the flow con-
trol valve limits the pump pressure. The reservoir is
attached to the pump body with spring clips on the
4.0L engine. On the 2.5L engine the reservoir is sep-
arate from the pump.
The power steering pump is connected to the steer-
ing gear by the pressure and return hoses. The pump
shaft has a pressed-on drive pulley that is belt driven
by the crankshaft pulley (Fig. 1).
NOTE: Power steering pumps have different pres-
sure rates and are not interchangeable with other
pumps.
Fig. 1 Pump With Integral Reservoir
FLOW AND PRESSURE TEST
DIAGNOSIS AND TESTING
POWER FLOW AND PRESSURE
The following procedure is used to test the operation
of the power steering system on the vehicle. This test
will provide the gallons per minute (GPM) or flow rate
of the power steering pump along with the maximum
relief pressure. Perform test any time a power steering
system problem is present. This test will determine if
the power steering pump or power steering gear is not
functioning properly. The following pressure and flow
test is performed using Power Steering Analyzer Tool
Kit 6815 (Fig. 2) and Adapter Kit 6893.
(1) Check the power steering belt to ensure it is in
good condition and adjusted properly.
(2) Connect pressure gauge hose from the Power
Steering Analyzer to Tube 6865.
(3) Connect Adapter 6826 to Power Steering Ana-
lyzer test valve end.
(4) Disconnect high pressure hose at gear or pump.
Use a container for dripping fluid.
(5) Connect Tube 6865 to the pump hose fitting.
(6) Connect the power steering hose from the
steering gear to Adapter 6826.

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