Anova manual.pdf

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H DA OA
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AG N R LA AY I O V R N E P O R M
E E A N LS F A I C R G A
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FOR THEAPPLE I
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Stephen Madigan, Ph.D.
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Virginia
Lawrence,
Ph.D.
Human Systems Dynamics
9249 Reseda Boulevard, Suite 107
Northridge, CA 91324
(213) 993-8536
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V
HSD
A N O VA
A GENERAL ANAL
YSIS OF V
ARIANCE PROGRAM
FOR THE APPLE II*
HSD ANOVA provides a flexible, general and easy to use analysis of variance
procedure, with these features:
Analysis of any balanced design, from a simple two-group design to complex
factorial designs with up to 8 variables.
Analysis of designs with between-subjects and/or within-subjects factors,
with simple design specifications and data entry.
Production of a fully formatted ANOVA summary table showing: experiment
name; experimental effects names; sums of squares; degrees of freedom; mean
squares; F-ratios; F probabilities; means and standard deviations.
SOURCE
SS
15.042
1.792
149.458
30.667
DF
MS
15.042
.597
49.819
1.917
7.847
.311
25.988
.012
.000
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Program options include:
- user specification of variable names and condition names.
- output to TV monitor or 40- or 80-column printer.
- data entry from keyboard or from disk.
- data output to disk.
- data review and editing at input.
S SE R Q I E E T
Y T M E U M NS
R
Apple II or Apple 11+ with 48K, disk drive and ROM APPLESOFT.
A 48K Apple II can handle a design with 1,200 observations.
♦Apple
II is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
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Copyright 1981 by Human Systems Dynamics, Northridge, CA 91324
All rights reserved. No part of this program or documentation may be
preproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the
publisher.
Apple II and Silentype are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.
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I N S T R U C T I O N S
HSD ANOVA will perform an analylsis of the variance for most standard
experimental designs consisting of from 1 to 8 factors. The number of levels of
variables and the number of observations are limited only by the memory
limitations of your system. The program requires "equal n" for all designs.
Fixed effects are assumed for all factors in the calculation of F-ratios.
However, F-ratios for random effects can be obtained after calculating the
appropriate error terms from the sums of squares produced by the program.
The use of HSD ANOVA will be illustrated by going through a simple problem
step by step. Suppose you have an experimental design with 3 Independent
variables or factors: Factor A has 2 levels, Factor B has 2 levels, and Factor
C has 3 levels. There are 5 scores (observations or data points) in each of the
12 (2 x 2 x 3) conditions, as shown in the following table.
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6
9
10
12
8
7
9
8
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2
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2
c2
8
7
12
9
12
5
1
3
8
9
1
1
c3
13
11
10
16
10
1
0
1
2
1
0
1
1
1
4
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3
5
3
7
2
1
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9
8
9
1
2
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3
3
6
2
4
1
1
9
1
4
1
4
9
c3
4
5
3
2
4
5
6
8
9
1
2
a
2
Assume also that Factor A is a between-subjects factor, and Factors B and C are
within-subjects factors. The analysis of these data would proceed as follows:
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