PhillySolarGuidebookFinal.pdf

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MA C 2 1
R H 01
NOTICE
This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States
government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their
employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility
for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process
disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to
any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or
otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring
by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors
expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any
agency thereof.
Available electronically at:
http://www.phila.gov/green/solar
.html
.
SECOND EDITION NOTE
This second edition was developed with a focus on updates to Section 4. Material changes were
made to the Electrical Permits content of Section 4 since a streamlined approach for solar
installations less than 10 kW was established.
If printing is necessary, please print on recycled paper.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This guide was prepared as a task order under the Solar America Cities Program by the
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). DOE funded this work through the Solar Energy
Technology Program’s (SETP)
Market Transformation Program. The guide represents a
collaborative effort among multiple market transformation partners.
Thanks to the following partners for all of their collaborative efforts:
Celentano Energy Services
Governor Rendell’s Solar Working Group
Kyle Sanphy, cover photography
Mayor’s Office of Transportation
and Utilities
Philadelphia Electric Company (PECO)
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
Philadelphia’s Department of Licenses and Inspections
Philadelphia’s Mayor’s Office of Sustainability
Pennsylvania Solar Energy Industries Association (PASEIA)
Solar America Cities Program
Solar City Partnership Advisory Board
Philadelphia Zoning Code Commission
Guidebook for Solar Photovoltaic Projects in Philadelphia June 2010
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 The Solar America Cities Program ........................................................................................1-1
1.2 Is Solar Right For You? ............................................................................................................1-2
1.3 What’s In This Guidebook?.....................................................................................................
1-3
2.0 SOLAR PV BASICS.........................................................................................................2-1
2.1 How Does a PV System Work? .............................................................................................2-1
2.2 PV Technologies.........................................................................................................................2-3
2.3 Installation Methods ..................................................................................................................2-6
2.4 Site Assessment Overview .......................................................................................................2-8
3.0 SYSTEM DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................................3-1
3.1 Solar in Philadelphia...................................................................................................................3-1
3.2 Efficiency First ............................................................................................................................3-3
3.3 Factors Impacting PV system performance ........................................................................3-4
3.3.1 Sunlight Intensity (Irradiance) .............................................................................3-4
3.3.2 Shading ......................................................................................................................3-5
3.3.3 Orientation ...............................................................................................................3-6
3.3.4 Other Factors ..........................................................................................................3-6
3.4 Other Factors to Consider When Designing a System ....................................................3-7
3.5 Estimating PV System Performance ...................................................................................3-10
3.6 System Commissioning ...........................................................................................................3-13
3.6.1 Verifying the Actual Performance compared to the Expected
Performance .....................................................................................................................3-13
3.7 Safety Concerns.........................................................................................................................3-14
3.8 Required Project Coordination .............................................................................................3-15
4.0 SOLAR INSTALLATION PROCESS CODES AND REGULATIONS..................4-1
4.1 Solar Installation Process Overview ......................................................................................4-2
4.2 Licensing and Codes Requirements.......................................................................................4-4
4.3 PECO Interconnection.............................................................................................................4-5
4.3.1 General PECO Requirements.............................................................................4-7
4.4 City of Philadelphia Requirements .........................................................................................4-8
4.4.1 Electrical Permit......................................................................................................4-9
4.4.2 Building Permit .....................................................................................................4-10
4.4.2.1 Building Requirements ....................................................................4-10
4.4.2.2 Zoning Requirements ......................................................................4-10
4.4.2.3 Fire Department Requirements ....................................................4-10
5.0 BENEFITS AND INCENTIVES.................................................................................5-1
5.1 Benefits of Solar Energy ...........................................................................................................5-1
5.2 Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Energy Efficiency (DSIRE) ........5-2
5.3 Federal Incentives.......................................................................................................................5-2
5.4 State Incentives in Pennsylvania .............................................................................................5-3
5.5 City of Philadelphia Incentives................................................................................................5-4
5.6 Financing Alternatives ...............................................................................................................5-4
5.7 Net Metering ................................................................................................................................5-6
5.8 Solar Renewable Energy Credits ............................................................................................5-7
Guidebook for Solar Photovoltaic Projects in Philadelphia June 2010
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