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July 2015 Issue 58 £4.50
www.military-history.org
Maxim’s killing machine
FIREPOWER
NEW
BRIEFING
ROOM
B
of
E
B IN
N
But why was
he sacked?
The Battle for Nepal, 1814
The man who
won the
Roman
catapults
+
KAISE
WAR A
GURKHA KINGDOM
UNDER THREAT
German
MHM
FIREPOWER
MILITARY
July 2015 Issue 58 £4.50
www.military-history.org
Maxim’s killing machine
NEW
BRIEFING
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD:
Martin Brown
Archaeological Advisor, Defence
Estates, Ministry of Defence
B
of
E
BRITAIN
BRITA N
The man who
won the
w t
ROOM
Roman
catapults
+
KAISE
WAR
Mark Corby
Military historian, lecturer, and
broadcaster
K
Paul Cornish
Curator, Imperial War Museum
Gary Gibbs
Assistant Curator, The Guards Museum
Angus Hay
Former Army Officer, military
historian, and lecturer
Nick Hewitt
Historian, National Museum of the
Royal Navy, Portsmouth
Nigel Jones
Historian, biographer, and journalist
Alastair Massie
Head of Archives, Photos, Film, and
Sound, National Army Museum
Gabriel Moshenska
Research Fellow, Institute
of Archaeology, UCL
Colin Pomeroy
Squadron Leader, Royal Air Force
(Ret.), and historian
Michael Prestwich
Emeritus Professor of History,
University of Durham
Nick Saunders
Senior Lecturer, University of Bristol
Guy Taylor
Military archivist, and archaeologist
eith Park. The man who won the Battle of Britain.
Yet he was sacked in November 1940, went
unmentioned in the 1941 official history, and
had no statue until one was unveiled in Waterloo Place
in London in 2010.
It is as if Henry V’s role at Agincourt, Marlborough’s
at Blenheim, or Wellington’s at Waterloo had been
largely hidden from history. As if the Battle of Britain –
equally decisive and iconic – had no great commander
at the helm.
In this issue, as we approach the 75th anniversary of
the battle, we assess Park’s extraordinary role and the
reasons for his subsequent eclipse.
Our special feature focuses on German naval strategy
at the outbreak of the First World War. Bernard Ireland
is our guide, analysing the evolution of a new ‘world power’
policy under Kaiser Wilhelm and Admiral Tirpitz in the
20 or so years before 1914, then providing a case-study
in armoured-cruiser warfare by charting the career of
the
Königsberg.
Also this time, we have Julian Spilsbury’s account of
the little-known Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814-1816 – the
war against the Gurkhas two centuries ago that led to
them becoming a permanent part of the British Army.
And Robbie MacNiven takes us further back in time,
to 1691, to narrate the Battle of Aughrim, the bloodiest
in Irish history.
But why was
y
he sacked?
k ?
The Battle for Nepal, 1814
GURKHA KINGDOM
UNDER THREAT
German
ON THE COVER:
A portrait of Air Vice Marshal
Keith Park, with a depiction of the Battle of
Britain in the background.
Image:
Alamy Images
WHAT DO
YOU THINK?
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Julian Thompson
Major-General, Visiting Professor at
London University
Dominic Tweddle
Director-General, National Museum
of the Royal Navy
Greg Bayne
President, American Civil War Table
of the UK
ADD US NOW
and have your say
CONTRIBUTORS
THIS MONTH’S EXPERTS
ROBBIE
MACNIVEN
is enrolled in the
War Studies pro-
gram at Glasgow
University. His key
interest is Early
Modern conflicts and he volunteers
at the Culloden Battlefield centre.
JULIAN
SPILSBURY
is a former army
officer, who has
written for radio
and TV, as well as
lecturing on mili-
tary history. He conducts battlefield
tours in Europe, Russia and India.
DAVID PORTER
became an author
after working for
the MoD for almost
30 years. Nine of
his books on the
Second World War
have been published, together with
numerous magazine articles.
PATRICK
BONIFACE
is a freelance
journalist who
specialises in
naval history and
has published
a number of books profiling Royal
Navy destroyers and frigates.
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MILITARY
HISTORY
MONTHLY
3
July 2015 |
ISSUE 58
The
Kaiser’s
war at sea
INCLUDES:
Timeline
Naval policy
Königsberg
specifications
Analysis
26
UPFRONT
Welcome
Letters
Notes from the Frontline
Behind the Image
MHM
studies an image of a WWI
vessel displaying dazzle camouflage.
For our special feature
this month, we investigate
Germany’s naval strategy
in WWI, with a focus on the
SMS
Königsberg.
FEATURES
3
7
8
10
12
18
ON THE COVER
Keith Park
The man who won the Battle of Britain
Neil Faulkner assesses the achievements of Air
Marshal Keith Park, his intrinsic role in the victory
in 1940, and why he was sacked soon after.
Conflict Scientists
Patrick Boniface assesses the
career of machine-gun inventor
Hiram Stevens Maxim.
42
Kalanga, 1814
14
The battle for the Gurkha Kingdom
Julian Spilsbury reports on the Battle for
Nepal 200 years ago, when the Gurkhas
and the British were fierce enemies.
War Culture
MHM
looks at nine examples of how
textiles have been used as propaganda,
as featured in the new GRAD exhibition
‘Fashion Forward!’.
14
50
Ireland’s bloodiest battle
Aughrim, 1691
Robbie MacNiven tells the tale of this little known but decisive battle.
4
MILITARY
HISTORY
MONTHLY
July 2015
MHM
CONTENTS
Military History Monthly
www.military-history.org
EDITORIAL
Editor:
Neil Faulkner
neil@military-history.org
Deputy Editor:
George Clode
george@military-history.org
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Andrew Selkirk
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Sub Editor:
Simon Coppock
Art Editor:
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mark@currentpublishing.com
Designer:
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Managing Editor:
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BACK AT BASE |
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War on Film
|
60
Taylor Downing looks at the WWI
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The Battles
of Coronel and Falkland Islands.
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George Clode investigates the military
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Military History Monthly
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Listings
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The best military
history events
coming up this July.
Lamb House, Church Street, London, W4 2PD
Book of the Month
|
64
Jules Stewart recommends
Towards the
Flame: empire, war, and the end of Tsarist
Russia
by Dominic Lieven.
74
© Current Publishing Ltd 2015
All rights reserved. Text and pictures are copyright restricted and must
not be reproduced without permission of the publishers. The publishers,
editors and authors accept no responsibility in respect of any goods,
promotions or services which may be advertised or referred to in this
magazine. Every effort has been made to secure permission for copyright
material. In the event of any material being used inadvertently or where
it has been impossible to contact the copyright owner, acknowledge-
ment will be made in a future issue. All liability for loss, disappointment,
negligence or damage caused by reliance on the information contained
within this publication is hereby excluded. The opinions expressed by
contributors are not necessarily those of the publisher.
Books
|
66
Neil Faulkner on
Napoleon’s
Light Cavalry
by Douglas
Hagger, Andre van Loon on
The End of Empire
by George
Nafziger, and Jules Stewart on
Hirohito’s War: the Pacific War,
1941-1945
by Francis Pike.
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Bite-size information with
our brand-new back page.
Up first: Roman catapults.
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