UsingaGarminGPSwithPaperLandMap.pdf

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Using a
Garmin
GPS
An introduction to...
with paper maps
for land navigation
© 2005 Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries
Garmin International, Inc.
1200 East 151
st
Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A.
Tel. 913/397.8200 or 800/800.1020
Fax 913/397.8282
Garmin (Europe) Ltd.
Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, SO51 9DL, U.K.
Tel. 44/1794.519944
Fax 44/1794.519222
Garmin Corporation
No. 68, Jangshu 2
nd
Rd., Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan
Tel. 886/2.2642.9199
Fax 886/2.2642.9099
All rights reserved. Except as expressly provided herein, no part of this guide may
be reproduced, copied, transmitted, disseminated, downloaded or stored in any
storage medium, for any purpose without prior written consent of Garmin Corpora-
tion. Garmin Corporation hereby grants permission to download a single copy of
this guide onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to be viewed for
personal use, provided that such electronic or printed copy of this guide contains
the complete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthor-
ized commercial distribution of this guide is strictly prohibited.
Web site address: www.Garmin.com
Garmin
®
, GPSMAP
®
, eTrex
®
, and MapSource
®
are registered trademarks of Garmin,
Ltd, or its subsidiaries and may not be used without the express permission of
Garmin, Ltd.
October 2005
Part Number 190-00225-00 Rev. B
Printed in U.S.A
Introduction
Table of Contents
Section 1 - Introduction
Introduction to GPS and Paper Maps....................................................2
How does a Garmin GPS work with maps?.................................3
Electronic Maps vs Paper Maps.........................................................4-5
Garmin features that compliment Map Navigation..................................6-7
Section 2 - About Paper Maps
Mapping the Earth........................................................................8-11
Longitude and Latitude.....................................................................12
True & Magnetic North...............................................................................13
Universal Transverse Mercator Projections (UTM Grids).........................14-16
Map Datums............................................................................................17
Section 3 - Navigation
Using a Traditional Compass for Navigation..........................................18-20
Using a GPS Compass ..............................................................................20
Reading Maps..............................................................................21-22
Map Information ...............................................................21
Map Scales................................................................................22
Locating Map Items Using Map Tools...................................................23-28
Using the Grid Overlay Tool.....................................................................24
Using the Corner Ruler..............................................................25
Using the Lat/Lon Scale......................................................................25
Using the Compass Rose................................................................26-28
How a GPS simplifies map navigation..................................................29
GPS Accuracy..............................................................................30
Map Accuracy...................................................................................30
Section 4 - Appendices
Appendix A: Glossary of Mapping, Navigation, and GPS Terminology....31-33
Appendix B: Index of Web sites by Subject...............................................34-35
Appendix C: Garmin GPS Purchase Selection Guide......................................36
Appendix D: Reproducible Map Tools...........................................................37
Appendix E: Satellite Geometry...........................................................38
Appendix F: Using the Altimeter Feature..........................................................39
1
Introduction
Introduction to GPS and Paper Maps
Paper maps have traditionally been the primary navigation tool for
centuries. Maps are most reliable when used with a
compass to determine orientation and direction.
With the advent of GPS technology, you might
think that maps have become obsolete. Just the
opposite, they have become even more useful.
This guide contains practical information for
using the features contained in your Garmin
GPS unit to compliment navigation with paper
maps.
To help you understand the relationship between paper maps and
Garmin GPS units, you will be given a brief introduction to using maps for
navigation on land, and how that form of navigation is enhanced and even
simplified when using a Garmin GPS.
You will learn how flat paper maps of a geospheric earth were devel-
oped, what compensations were made to create accurate flat maps. You
will also learn how GPS unit features have improved methods of navigation
using traditional maps. The maps used for our demonstrations are United
States Geological Survey System (USGS) topographic maps.
For the most part, just about everyone can understand the basic
presentation of a map; however, understanding the practical applications of
map reading for accurate navigation requires some instruction.
Our goal is to lead you into map navigation with some basic dis-
cussions and exercises, and provide you with paths to discover more
information on your own, through the use of detailed references found at
various sites on the world wide web. Map reading and navigation is a skill
developed by practice. Our goal is to help you understand map basics and
to appreciate the value of a Garmin GPS when used for land navigation.
To take you to a more in depth look at paper map navigation, a list of
recommended web sites, by subject, is contained in the Appendix at the
back of this guide.
2
Introduction
How does a Garmin GPS work with maps?
Before you can answer this question, you must know how maps work.
Once you have a working knowledge of how maps are designed for naviga-
tion, the GPS question will be, for the most part, automatically answered.
Automatic is the key word to understanding the Garmin GPS unit and
its relationship to map navigation.
GPS has a variety of applications on land, at sea and in the air. Basi-
cally, GPS allows you to determine your location and find other locations
on the earth. It helps you navigate to and from those locations. GPS can
be used everywhere except where it’s impossible to receive a satellite signal
such as inside buildings; in caves, parking garages, other subterranean
locations; and underwater. The most common airborne applications
include navigation by general aviation and commercial aircraft. At sea, a
GPS is typically used for navigation by professional mariners, recreational
boaters, and fishing enthusiasts.
If you are involved in an activity or sport where you need to keep track
of where you are, find your way to a specified location, or know what direc-
tion and how fast you’re going, you can benefit from the Global Position-
ing System and a Garmin GPS unit. For this discussion, we are using the
Garmin GPSMAP 60CS to demonstrate the GPS functions. Its small size,
electronic compass and altimeter make it ideal for off-road travel where
a paper map is being used as a reference. Although this is a full featured
Garmin product, even basic Garmin models can enhance and simplify
paper map navigation. To learn detailed information on specific Garmin
unit operation, refer to the Owner’s Manual and Reference Guide for that
product, available on the web at www.Garmin.com.
If you are a first time buyer or desire an upgrade from
your current GPS unit, a comprehensive GPS applications
and Garmin model selector guide is presented in the
Appendix.
GPSMAP 60CS
3

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