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RADIO
BROADCAST
WILLIS
KINGSLEY
WING,
Editor
SEPTEMBER,
1027
KEITH
HENNEY
Director
of
the
Laboratory
EDGAR
H.
FELIX
Contributing
Editor
Vol.
XI,
No.
5
AMOA[G
OTHER
THINGS.
Cover
Design
Frontispiece
-
.
.
From
-
-
a
Design
by
Harvey
Hopkins
Dunn
262
263
A
Method
of
Speedy
Radio
Transmission
-
-
-
-
leading
SOME
may
delves
into
the
eye
month
which
subject
of
ultra-violet,
red,
look
with
critical
at
the
article
this
infra-
A
Discovery
that
Newton
Missed
The
March
Next
Field?
James
Stanley
of
Radio
An
Editorial
Interpretation
266
and
X-rays,
for
they
may
think
that
field
a
bit
removed
from
radio.
But
in
these
days
of
scientific
advance,
many
fields
of
experiment
which
have
heretofore
been widely
separated,
are
becoming
more
closely
associated,
and
anything,
therefore,
having
to
do
with
the generation of
short
electrical
waves,
is
of
Radio
Needs
No
Yearly
Models
Will
Telephotography
Be
the
Experimenters*
Broadcasters
in
New
York
Organize
Organizations?
Judge Davis
Resigns
A
Prosperous
Radio
Year
Forecast
Discovering
Ore
Deposits
by
Radio
Where
Are
the
Listener
The
Month
in
Radio
who
dabble
in
radio.
James
Stokley,
who
con-
tributes
this
story
on
ultra
short
waves,
is
on
the
staff
of
Science
Service,
that
interesting
and
important
Washington
organization
devoted
to
telling
the
public
more
about
science.
interest
to
those
Piezo'Electric
Crystals
M.
Thornton
Dow
271
OF
OUR
other
authors,
M.
Thornton
Dow,
the writer
of
the
article
on
the
remarkable
piezo-electric
crystal,
is
at
Home
Constructing
Transformers
and
Chokes
for
Power
Supply
-
Devices
Homer
S.
Davis
274
279
Pictures
by
Radio
-
-
-
-
Cruft
Laboratory,
Harvard
University.
Homer
Davis,
whose
calculation
charts
have
appeared
in
RADIO
BROADCAST
before,
is
a
graduate
engineer
and
a
resident
of
Memphis,
Tennessee.
Ernest
R.
Pfaff,
who
describes
the
interesting
super-heterodyne
which
may
be
made
with
the
Jeweller's
Time
amplifier,
is
a
radio
denizen
of
Chicago
and
a
frequent
contributor
to
the
radio
press.
B. F.
Miessner,
the
author
of the
Radio
Club
of
America
paper
on
the
a.c.
tube,
is
chief
engineer
of
the
Garod
Corpora-
Building
the
Laboratory
"Super"
Ernest
R.
Pfaff
-
280
283
We
Need
Drawing
by
Better
Radio
Salesmen
Franttfyn
F.
Stratford
Carl
Dreher
"Strays"
from
the
Laboratory
-
284
A
Survey
of
the
A.
C.
Tubes
and
has
had
an
extensive
and
varied
radio
experience.
In
John
Hays
Hammond,
A.
T.
Lawton,
author
of the
series
on
eliminating
man-made
radio
interference,
is
a
Canadian,
living
in
Ottawa.
He
has
been
associated
with
the
interference-prevention
work
now
being
done
in
the
Dominion.
tion
early
radio days,
he
was
associated
with
conducting
radio
and
other
experiments.
The
Listener's
Point
of
View
-
-
-
-
John
Wallace
Keith
Henney
286
THE
short-waves,
long
workshop
of the
amateurs
services,
the
almost
exclusive
playground
and
are
Why
Not
Try
the
Short
Waves?
As
the
Broadcaster
Sees
It
290
293
Some
of
our
a
short
wave.
now
beginning
own
American
and
commercial
and
military
to
harbor
broadcast
programs.
stations are
broadcasting
their
......
-
Carl
Dreher
Edgar
H.
Felix
Causes
of
Poor
Tone
Quality
296
298
299
302
New
Receiver
Offerings
for
the
Fall
-
-
The
Laboratory
-
programs
on
two
waves
the
standard
broadcasting
wave
and
This
experiment,
long
exclusively
conducted
by
WGY
and
KDKA,
is
now
being
shared
by
several others.
There
are
stations
abroad,
too,
providing
voice
and
music
on
these
bands.
The
article
in
this
issue
by
Keith
Henney
tells
something
of
the
traffic
in
these
lesser-known
bands.
Staff
Suppressing
Radio
Interference
-
-
-
A.
T.
Lawton
B.
F.
THE
subject
wrongly
termed
telephotography
readers
of
of
transmission
of
photographs
television
by
radio
is
for
it is
in
fact,
radio-
increased
attention,
and
for
the
receiving
by
many,
Three-Element
A.
C.
Vacuum
Tubes
-
-
-
Miessner
RADIO
BROADCAST
we
have
arranged
to
publish
an
"Radio
Broadcast's"
Laboratory
Information
Sheets
No.
No.
No.
No.
rlr.
The
Hertz
Antenna
ill.
Testing
Radio
Receivers
113.
Characteristics
114.
308
of
the
171
Type
Tube.
Curves
of the 171
Type
Tube.
No.
No.
No.
No.
115.
116.
117.
118.
The
Morse
Code.
Condenser
Reactance.
Condenser
Reactance
Table.
B
Power
Units.
These
stories
will
describe
a
practical
and
inexpensive
system
which
can
be
attached
to
any good
radio
receiver.
By
its
use
good
pictures
will
result,
as
experi-
ments,
conducted
in
RADIO
BROADCAST
Laboratory
over
a
period
of
more
than
three
years,
have
shown.
An
introductory
article
appears
in this
number
and
others
will
soon
follow.
exclusive
series
of
articles.
Manufacturers'
Booklets
Available
xia
-
-
Directory
THE
our
August
in
slightly
revised
easier
to
use.
of
Manufactured
Receivers,
which
appeared
number
for
the
first
time,
appears
in
a
call
especial
"Radio
Broadcast's"
Directory
of
Manufactured
Receivers
316
324
What
Kit
Shall
I
Buy?
-
The
present
form
is
much
attention
to
the
fact
that
the
Service
Department
of
RADIO
BROADCAST
will
furnish
much
more
detailed
information
on any
or
all
of the
receivers
listed
if
the
coupon
on
page 328
is
filled
out
and
sent
to
us.
form
in
this
number.
We
A
Key
to
Recent
Radio
Articles
a*
Doubleday,
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E.
G.
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WILLIS
KINGSLEY
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**-&-*
SPI
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METHOD
OF
SPEEDY
RADIO
TRANSMISSION
Radio
telegraph
messages,
using
the
present
system,
-when
sent
must
be
translated
into
the
code,
and
at
the
receiving
station,
must
be
decoded
and
copied.
A
method
has
been
developed
by
J.
M.
Wright
of
the
British
Marconi
Company
for
facsimile
transmission
vhich
eliminates
the
translation
into
the
code
altogether.
The
sample
in
the
illustration
above
was
transmitted
in
100
seconds
.
RADIO
BROADCAST
VOLUME XI
NUMBER
5
SEPTEMBER,
1927
A
Ritter's
That
Newton
Missed
Something
About
Waves
of
One
Trillion
Kilocycles
Frequency
Discovery
of Ultra- Violet
and
Herschel's
of
In/ra-Red
Rays
The
Uses
of
Ultra-Violet
Rays
for
Their
Health
Qiving
Properties
By
JAMES
STOKLEY
Science
Service
^BOUT
two
Sir
est
and
a
half
centuries
ago
Isaac
Newton
performed
an
ex-
life,
parallel
to
the
edge
of
the
refracting
angle)
was,
in
this
and
the following
experiments,
perpendi-
let
the
refracted
a
sheet
of
white
perpendicularly
upon
paper
at
the
opposite
wall of
the
chamber,
and
observed
the
figure
and
dimensions
of
the
solar
I
Newton
periment.
During
his
scientist
this
great-
cular
to
the
incident
rays.
...
light
fall
missed.
So
far
as
he
could
detect,
the
spectrum
began
at
the
violet
end
and
ended
at
the
red,
which,
together
with
the
colors
in
between,
constituted
the
complete
composition
of
sunlight.
That
was
because
of
his
day and
one
of
the
all
time,
performed
many
but
from
this
one
in
particular
experiments,
greatest
of
there
From
came
many
far-reaching
results.
it,
more
or
less
directly,
came
much
image
formed
on
the
paper
by
that
light.
This
image
was
oblong
and
not
oval,
but
terminated
with
two
rectilinear
and
parallel
sides,
and
two
semicircular
ends.
.
.
.
he
was human,
and
had
only
his
sense
of
sight
to
guide
him. Actually
the
spectrum
that
he
saw
was
only
a
small
part
of
the
of
our
knowledge
of
radio,
of
X-rays,
the
radiations
of
radium,
and
of
the
composi-
tion
of
the
This
image,
or
spectrum,
most
distant
stars,
obtained
by
was
and
coloured,
being
red
at
its
least
refracted
end,
violet
at
its
most
refracted
end,
and
yellow,
complete
spectrum
of
sunlight
and
an
in-
finitesimally
small
part
of
the
total
range
of radiation that
is
now
known.
The
com-
spectrum
analysis.
Just
what
did
Newton
do?
It
so
happens
that
we
have
a
very
complete
account
in
his
own
words,
left
in
one
of
his
books,
which
bore
the
title
of:
Opticks:
or,
a
Treatise
green,
and
blue
in
the
intermediate
spaces.
This
experiment
of
Newton's
is
a
very
easy
one
to
repeat,
for
all
you
need
is
a
prism.
If
you
have
one
of
the
kind
that
used
to
hang
from
chandeliers
in
mid-Victorian
plete
spectrum
ranges
from
the
longest
radio
waves
and
the
still
longer
waves
of
alternating
electric
currents,
down
to
the
X-rays,
and
the
penetrating
radiation
re-
cently investigated
by
Professor Millikan.
According
to
a
well-known
physicist,
Dr.
of
the
Reflexions,
Refractions,
Inflexions,
edition,
and
Colors
of
great
rare,
Light.
The
first
homes,
it
will
serve
the
purpose
admirably.
But
there
was
one
important
thing
that
M.
Luckiesh,
if
the
visible
part
of
the
spec-
of
this
trum
were
one
foot
work,
now
very
18
jpmmm
in
length,
saw
approxi-
it,
was
published
and on
page
read:
in
1704,
mately
the
length
that
we
Newton
the
THE
LIGHT
OF
THE
SUN
CONSISTS
OF
RAYS
DIFFERENTLY
RE-
FRANGIBLE
The
Proof
by
Experiments
In
a
very
dark
chamber
at
a
round
hole
about
one
third
part
of
an
inch
broad
made
in
the
shut
of
a
win-
spectrum
of
the
total
range
of
radiation
would
be
several
mil-
lion
miles
long!
go
to
the
seashore,
and
sit
on
the
beach
to
get
tanned
by
the
sunshine,
or
when
you
take
a
snapshot
of
some
member
of
the
When
you
dow
placed
a
glass
prism,
whereby
the
beam
of
the
I
family,
you
demon-
strate
the
presence
of
one
kind
of
rays that
at
sun's
light
which
came
in
that
hole
might
be
refracted
the
eye
cannot
upwards
toward
ceive,
for
many
per-
of
the
the
opposite
wall
of
the
chamber,
and
there
form
a
colored
chemical
effects
of
sun-
light,
image
of
the
sun.
prism
the
line
passing
the
middle
of
of
including
skin,
that
The
(that
axis
is,
the
on
the
and on
through
the
prism
from one
end
of
it
to
the
other
end
ONE
OF
THE
USES
OF
ULTRA-VIOLET
RAYS
Quartz
tube
mercury
vapor
lamps
in
use
as
sterilizers
for
the
water
supply
of a
small
city.
The
ultra-violet
rays
prevent
thriving
of
germs
in
the
water
the
photographic
film,
are
due
to
ultra-violet
rays,
consisting
of
a
little
waves
which
are
264
RADIO
BROADCAST
window,
and
he
noticed
that
where
the
light
fell
on
the
mixture
it
became
dark.
The
silver
had
dissolved
in
the
nitric
acid
forming
silver
nitrate,
and
this
must
have
reacted
with
some
of
the
impurities
in
the
chalk,
such
as
ordinary
salt,
or
sodium
chloride,
to
produce
silver
chloride,
which
is
one
of
the
chief
constituents
of
modern
photographic
materials.
However,
Schulze
also
missed
the
dis-
covery
of
ultra-violet
radiation,
for
he
only
tried
daylight
on
his
silver
chloride
mixture.
Half
a
century
later, in
1777,
its
discovery
was
missed
by
a
still
narrower
margin.
This
was
by
the
famous
Swedish
chemist,
SEPTEMBER,
1927
Carl
Wilhelm
Scheele,
who
in
had
discovered
the
gas
chlorine,
and,
1774
LOOK
AT
THIS
PHOTOGRAPH
A
photographed
through
a
micro-
with
blue
light.
Ultra-violet
rays
would
scope
have
given a
much
clearer
picture
steel
surface
too
short,
and
vibrate
a
little
too
rapidly,
to
be
apparent
to
the
eye.
As
radio
fans
who
are
familiar
with
the
years
before
that,
another
gas
Unlike
Schulze,
who
accidentally
came
across
the
effect
when
he
was
trying
to
do
something
else,
Scheele
was
studying
the
chemical
action of
light,
and
he
exposed
a
sur-
face
coated
with
silver
chloride
to
the
spec-
trum
obtained
from
sunlight
with
a
prism.
three
fluorine.
AND
NOW,
THIS
ONE
The
same
violet
steel
surface
light,
photographed
with
ultra-
and
a
magnification
of
1600
dia-
meters.
Notice
the
great
amount
of
detail
that
can
be seen
in
this
as
compared
with
the
picture
blue
light
photograph
What
must
have
happened
was
silver
chloride
that
the
Sir
William
Herschcl,
discovered
the
infra-
modern
system
of
designating
stations
by
are
wavelength
frequency
aware,
the
average
broadcasting
frequency
is
in
the
neighborhood
of
1000
kilocycles,
rather
than
which
means
that
the
complete
vibration
which
produces
the
wave
occurs
1,000,000
times
a
second.
But
the
longest
of
the
visible
rays,
those
in
the
deepest
red
that
under
the red
and
yellow
was
not
darkened
at
all,
while
that
under
the
violet
and
the
part
where
no
color
was
visible
beyond
the
violet,
were
darkened
most.
The
experi-
ment
is
one
that
is
easily
repeated;
a
piece
of
photographic
printing
paper
may
be
part
of
the
spectrum
red
rays.
In
the
century
following
the
discovery
of
the
invisible
rays,
there
came
many
dis-
methods
by
which
these
rays
could
be
produced
artificially.
The
most
copious
source
of
ultra-violet
coveries,
such
as
that
of
the
eye
can
see,
have
a
frequency
of
The
violet
375,000,000,000
kilocycles.
rays
at
the
other
end
of
the
spectrum
vi-
brate
about
twice
as
rapidly,
and
the
ultra-
rays
are
between
these
and
those
vibrating
with
a
frequency
of
24,000,000,
violet
used
as
the
silver
chloride
surface.
But
Scheele
didn't
notice
this.
Probably
he
was
working
in
a
room
that
was
not
en-
tirely
dark,
except
for
the
spectrum,
and
so
the
silver
chloride
rays
known
is,
of
course,
the
sun
itself.
On
a
clear
summer
day
we
get
great
quantities
of
them,
with
possibly
even
painful
results
if
we
are
at
the
seashore,
lying
on
the
beach.
was
partly
darkened
in
the
all
over
due
to
the
white
light
Anyhow,
it
remained
for
room.
even
when
the
sun
is
shin-
be
low
in
the
sky,
and
the
smoke
ing,
may
and
dust
in
the
atmosphere
may
effectually
But
in
winter,
it
a
German
keep
most
of
these
rays
away
from
us.
000,000
kilocycles!
But
Newton,
as
we
have
seen,
did
not
physicist,
named
Ritter,
to
discover
that
the
invisible
extension
of
the
solar
spec-
As
we
rays
are
shall
see
a
little
later,
ultra-violet
important
in
keeping
people
know
of these
invisible
radiations.
It
was
not
many
years
after
the
publication
of
his
Opticks,
however,
that
some
of
their
effects
were
noticed,
for
in
1727 a
German
physi-
cian,
trum,
beyond
the
effect
violet,
violet
on
the
silver
itself,
and
so
he
discovered
the
ultra-
produced
a
greater
chloride
than
did
the
healthy,
and
in
curing
various
diseases.
For
this
reason,
as
well
as
for
the
accommoda-
tion
of
the
physicist
who
wishes
to
study
Johann
Heinrich
Schulze,
hap-
mix
some
chalk
with
nitric
acid
in
pened
which
had
been
dissolved
a
little
silver.
At
to
violet
rays,
in
1801.
Curiously
enough,
it
was
at
almost
the
same
time
that
the
ex-
the
time,
he
happened
to
be
standing near
a
Visible
tension
of
the
spectrum
in
the
other
direc-
tion,
beyond
the
red,
was
discovered;
the
year
before,
the
great
English
astronomer,
Hertzian
the
rays
in
his
laboratory,
an
artificial
source
is
important.
The
ordinary
carbon
arc
light,
particularly
if
operated
at
a
high
voltage,
perhaps
120
(which
is
high
for
an
arc
light),
is
rich
in
these
invisible
rays;
Rays
Waves
.
^-
------
XRays
Rays
H
lUllra-violet
I
-Short
Hertzian
Waves
Ra
H
I
--
'-Gamma
T
\~
used
in
Wireless
-
-
Slow
Oscillations
corresponding
to
very
long
Waves
-
HOW
THE
FREQUENCY
SPECTRUM
The
spectrum
of
radiation,
IS
DIVIDED
diagram.
Naturally,
this
from
X-rays
to
alternating-current
waves.
The
penetrating
rays,
studied
by
Millikan,
would
extend
from
the
left
end
of
the
diagram
is
not
to
scale,
for
if it
were,
and
the
short
visible
part
afoot
in
length,
the
entire
scale
would
be
many
millions
of
miles
long

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