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Volume
3
Issue
32
CONTENTS
Modern
Attack
Aircraft
Mikoyan-Gwevich
MiG-238N/MiG-27
SukhoiSu-i
Sukhoi
Su-
I
7/20/22
Soviet
Battlefield
Air
Support
622
622
623
Consultant
Editor:
Major
General Sir
Jeremy Moore
KCB OBE
MC, Comman-
der
of
British
Land
Forces
during
the
Falklands campaign.
624
626
626
S*hoiSu-25
DassaultBreget
Mirage
5-50
Dassault-Breguet
Mirage
F,
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#"*F:
r[-qr--
T.-!,.i--
,rifiltffiti
llodern
Attack
Aircraff
Designed tor
survival
in
the
close
support, tank-busting
ro[e,
the
Fairchild
A-
10A
can
absorb
massive amounts of battle damage, which
it would
attact
as
it
flies
low over
the
batileground.
Today's
attack
aircraft
are
the real
workltotses
of
modern
rockets and
cannon. Often,
they
have
been optimized
for short-range
operations over
the
battlefield
or
as
far
as
the
enemy's forward
airfieids
and supply dumps,
flying
rn
the
tactical
role,
Close
air
support
rs
a
sub-division
of this
category
(to
which the
BAe
Harrier
is
ideally suitec)
sometimes
involving attacks
under the
supervision
of
a
forward
aa
controller
to take out targets
which
may
be
a
very
short distance
fton-:
friendly
troops
in the
field.
Faster,
more
advanced types, normally
equipped with radar
ani
other
aids
to all-weather
operation, have
the additlonal
option
of
car-
rying
nuclear weapons,
and
as
such are
classlfled
as
strike aircrajt. The
definitions
'strike'
and'attack'
are often confused,
as
some
aircraftfall
uric
both
categories,
and others
could,
For
example,
the
Viggen
wor_ild
make
an
excellent strike aircraft, but
is
in
the attack category
only
because
Sweden
does not possess
nuclear weapons. Many
attack types
also
find
useful employment in the tactrcal reconnaissance role, whilst the
USA_F
has
modifled
some
of
its
McDonnell
Douglas
F-4
Phantoms
to
the
hrghly-
specialized
'Wild
Weasel' task
oi knocking
out enemy radars. These
too,
merit inclusion
in this
review
of
battlefield workhorses
of
the
airwar
P
ain
warfare,
flying
low
and fast
over
the
battlefrelds and
attracting
hostile
reactions
from
SAMs
and
small-arms
frre,
Not
only
do
they
have to
cope
with
this, but
their
hases
are
prime
targets,
so
many aircraft have
developed
the
ability
to
operate
away
from
thefu home
base,
Occupying
a
broad
and
ill-defined middle
ground between
the
bomber
and the COIN (counter-insurgency) aircraft, the modern attack
aircraft
represents
an
attempt
to
combine the
most
valuable attributes of
both:
the
heavy weapon
load
and
comprehensive navigation
and
self-
protection
systems
of
the
former,
plus the latter's lightness and
manoeuv-
rability.
Naturally
there
must
be
compromises, for this idea
is
unattain-
able despite recent advances in aerodynamics and electronics, and
so
each
new aircraft
is
designed
to
fuIfil
a
specific
need or
is
adapted
from
a
fighter with certain roles in
mind,
Thus,
a
study
of
such
alrcrait
reveais
a
diversity
of
deslgn
philosophies
from the slow but
well-protected
Fairchild Republic
A-
10
Thunderbolt
Ii
to
the
sleek, Mach
2
Saab
Viggen, with every degree
of
sophistication
or
simplicity
in
between. The majority
of
aircraft
perlorm
solely
in
the
close-support or attack roles:
that
is
to
say,
they carry only conventional
weaponry;
high
explosive
or
cluster bombs, air{o-surface
missiles,
ted
in
temporary winter
m
ar
kings,
fft
ese
JVo.
I
S
qn
H
ar
rier
GR.M k
3s
are
seen on
a
NATO exercise
in
Norway. Training
such
as this
prepared the
squadron
for
the harsh
weather
encountered
in
theSouth
Atlantic.
ffi
iwruHd
*Y+
"tM
]:
:+mwrf{'
f
-{
itiitov"n-Gurevich
MiG-238N/M
iG-27
=e
:e
1,1i23
ighter.
with which
it
shares
\].fO
reporting
name
'Flogger',
:e
!*fikofan$wevich
MiG-27 differs
qe:-J.!eC
grould-attack
version
of
-,=rjants,
the MiG27'Flogger-D'
fea-
Ees
a
nose sharply
tapered
from the
i,r=dssreen
ald
containing
a
laser
ran-
gel
and
marked-target
seeker, whilst
:
srx-barrel
23-mm
gnrn
is
positioned
beneath the
belly,
Pilot vision
s
im-
pr:ved
for attack
mrssions
by
a
raised
aec-,ceometry
air inlets
and
afterbur-
:el
:czzles. which rndicate
a
simplicity
::
iesgn
permitted by
the
mission
re-
q!::ement of
only
transonic
speed,
with
Mach
2.35
attainable
=::'pared
cr
-ire
MiG-23,
First
of the
MiG-27
::S
Comparuon
some respects,
=:E
ncst
srsnificant
inof
these
are
the
lle
Mikoyan-Gurevich
MiG-238N'Flogrger-F' of
the
Czech
air
force
based
at
P
ardubice,
eas
t
of Pr
agae.
MiG-238N of
theAlgerian
air force,
one
of 40
delivered.
seat
and
canopy,
and
low-pressure
ETa;s
are compatible with rough-field
:p€ration.
Issued
in
quantlty
to
the
S:'aei
tactical air force,
Frontal Avia-
i:n.
the
'Flogger-D'
has
an
export
variant,
is
distinguished
by
two
F
T:interpart
in
the
MiG-23BN'Flogger-
ntuch
retains
the
original
125070-kg
(21
557-1b) R-29
afterburning turbojet
lclus
vanable rnlets and
nozzle) and
iz-r-barrel
cannon,
The similar
MiG-
23BN'Flogger-H',
another'high-speed'
avionics pods
astride the lower
fusel-
age,
forward
of the nosewheel
doors,
In
198
l,
the
MiG-27'Flogger-J'
was
flrst
noted, this
differing
from the 'Flogger-
D' in
further
nose
revision, with
a
lip
on
the top and a
blster
farring
beneath,
Podded
gmns
on two
wrng pylons have
barrels
which
can
be
depressed for
attacking ground targets without re-
course
to a steep dlve, India
has ac-
Specification
MiG-27'Flogger-D'
Type: single-seat variable-
geometry
ground
attack and tactrcal
nuclear
strrke
aircraft
Armament:
one
fixed six-barrel
23-mm
gmn;
flve
weapon
pylons and
tv\ro
rear-
fuselage
racks
for stores
including
AS-
7'Kerry'
ASMs and
self-defence AA-2
Atoll' AAMs
up
to
a
maxrmum
weiqht
ofat
least
4OO0
kq
(8,820
lb)
Powerplant: one
I
I
500-kg'(25,
353-lb)
thrust
Tumansky
R-29B
afterburning
in
quired
a
production licence for
the
'Flogger-J'
and
will
begrn
manulactwe
1985,
twbojet
Performance: maximum speed Mach
1,
5
at
altitude;
maxrmum
speed Mach
L
i
at
sea
level;
sewice ceiling
16000
m
(52,495 ft);
combat radius
on
a
lololo
mission
390
km
(242
miles)
with four
500-kg
(1,lO2lb) bombsandtwo AA-
a^
Weight: maximum take-off
18000
kg
(39,863
rb)
Dimensions:
span, full
extension
(
16"
sweep)
14,25
m
(46 ft 9
in),
fully swept
(72')8.17 m(26fI9Vz
rn);
lensth
16.00
m
152
ft 6
in)' height
4 35 m
(
I4
ft
4
in)
wing
area
spread
27,26
mz
(293.4
sq
ft)
AS-7
'Kerry'missiles
can
be
carried
by
the
MiG-27
on
fuselage and
glove
pylons
.
The
protrusion
on
the
wing
leading
edge above
the
pylon is
believed
to
be connected
with this
air-
to-
surface
mis
sile.
I
H*noisu-Z
its
poor
:a:ge
capabilities,
the
obsolescent
byextremelyshortrange.
Sukhoi
Su-Z possesses
the
savinq
saving
of
excellent
handling qualities,
'l:es
low-level
gust response
and
3:::i
Remaininq
in
service
=a:::euwabrlity.
n-r
l5
ar
arms, although almost
re-
-::ugh
cnticued
for
payload/
nav/attacksystem.Theaircraftisverypopularwithitspilotsbutishampered
Egyptian
air force Su-7BMK strike
aircraft
have
been
refitted
with
a
British
1=:s
later
rn
iG
Su-ZB
form, under the
)i-r--O
reportrng name 'Fitter-A',
and
the
stan-
=p:Cy
established itself
as Soviet
air
-::
'ghter-bomber
of
the
!"eced
wrthin Soviet
front{ine
umts,
it
:1.
Seen
action
on several
occasions
a-i:::g
wars rn
the Middle
East and
--:-a::
sub-continent,
First flown
in
-::5
the
arcraft
entered sewice
four
four; the muzzle
velocity
of
the
internal
cannon was
increased;
and
an
uprated
over eight
minutes. Even so,
fuel
capacity
is
reduced
in the operational
engTine
was
i::e
ald
some Warsaw Pact
allies,
ll:ee
::'-:-.";ed but
featured
insufficient
r:e:g6i
io
'riarant
a
change
of
West-
e=
i.sgr:ation.
In the Su-78M,
under-
?r::ii s:.re*
pylons
were
doubled
a:22
p:cgressively
rmproved models
being further
boosted,
if required,
by
two JATO bottles, The aircraft
also
in-
fitted, take-off
power
to
troduced
a
radar warning receiver in
the tail and two duct fairings
running
long the spine,
Rough-f,eld operatton
was
provided in
the
Su-7BKL,
whose
large,
low-pressure nosewheel
tyre
is
betrayed
by
a
blistered floor
to its
bay,
Further
changes of
detail were
incor-
porated
in the later
Su-?BMK,
but
little
could
be
done to
moderate
the
de-
mands
of the
thirsty AL-7F
engine,
which
on
full afterbwner
at sea
level
would
consume
the entlre
2940
litres
(647
Imp
gal) of
internal tuel
in
a
little
trainer
versions
(Su-?UM
and
Su-
7IIMK, known to NATO
as'Moujik')
to
make way for
a
second
seat,
despite
a
slight lengthening
of
the
fuselage,
Specification
Su-7BMK'Fitter-A'
Type: single-seat ground-attack
Sukhoi
Su-?
(Continued)
Modern Attack
Aircraft
Armament:two
30-mm NR-30
cannon
(wrth
70 rpgr)
in
wing
roots; six
weapon
pylons: two
under fuselage
and
two
under
the
inner wings.
each
carrying
up
to 500
kg
(1,102
lb) ofstores, plus
two
under
the outer
wtnqs each
carrying
up
to 250
kg
(55
1
lb);
weapon
loadreducedto
1000
kg(2,205
lb)
when
two
600litre
(
132-Imp gal)
drop-
tanks
are carried
on
fuselage
pylons
Powerplant: one
10000-kq
(22,
046-lb)
thrust
Lyulka
AL-7F- I
afterburning
turbojet
Performance: maximum speed
at
sea
level
850
km,&
(528
mph) without
afterburning, or
1350
km/h
(839
mph)
with afterburning; initial climb rate
9120
m
(29,920 jr)
per
minute
serurce
ceilins
15150
m
(49,705
ft)
Weights: empty
8620
kg
(19,004
lb);
normal take-off
12000
kq
(26,455
tb);
maximum take-off
13500
kq (29,762tb)
Dimensions:
span
8,93
m
(29 ft 372
in);
lengrth,
includingprobe
17
37
m
(57
ft
These
Su-ZBMs are
parked outside
the
flight
office
of
No.
I 22
Sqn,
Indian
Air Force. Seventy-five
are
still
used
inthe
strike role,
butJaguars are
replacingthem.
0
in);
herght4
57 m
(
I5 ft0
in):
wing
area
27.60 mz (297
sq ft)
t
$uru,oi
Su-17/20/22
in
1967
with
variable-qeometry outer wing
sections
was flrst revealed
When a version of the
Su-7 'Fitter-A'
in the strike
role.
exportmodel
oftheSu-17 with
reduced avionics.
Egyptoperates
30
Sukhoi Su-20
'Fitter-C'
of
the
Egyptian
air
force.
The
Su-20
was
the
was
labelled
'Fitter-B'
by
NATO
and
unimpressive ground-attack
fighter.
it
dismissed
as a
research version of
an
the
West that
the
modification,
Not
until
the
mid-1970s
did
rt
dawn
on
togetherwrth
a
more powerful
but
fuei-
resulted
in
a
vastly
improved aircraft
wrth
doubled weapon
load,
30
per cent
efficient engine and new
avtomcs,
had
greater
range and substantially
better
short-field take-off
characteristrcs.
So
successful has
been the
aircraft
that
numerous versions are in servtce
with
Frontal Aviation,
the
Soviet
naval
arr
arm, Warsaw Pact and
left-leaning
Su-22
'Fitter-J' of
the
Libyan
air force,
showing
the
bulged dorsal spine
containing
extra fuel,
and
the
larger, more
angrular
fin.
D' with
its
undernose
terrain-
avoidance
radar
and
a
marked-target
seeker in the
lnlet centrebody,
A con-
version
trainer, the'Fitter-E',
parallels
variants based
in
eastern Europe and
the
USSR
have
been prognessively
rm-
proved
from the
basic'Fitter-C'
initial-
production
model,
flrstly
to
the'Fitter-
countries abroad,
Sukhoi
Su-I7
.. :..rk,
simrlarly
powered
and identrfied
by
a
more angular dorsal
fin,
Su-22s
are also
employed as interceptors
with
AA-2
sewice,
H'
counterpart,
the
Su-22 'Fitter-J',
ls
4:
tactrcal
nuclear weapons
and AS-7
'Kerry'ASMs
drooped forward
fuselage and
lack
of
a
port
wlnQr
root
gmn,
whilst
the'Fitter-
G'operational trainer
has
a
taller,
stralght-topped
fin
and
a
marked-
target seeker, Newest
of the
single-
seat
variants
ts
the'Fitter-H'whrch
has
the
revised
fln and
a
deep
dorsal
farr-
ing behind
the canopy,
presumably
for
'Fitter-C' have
a
reduced avionics fit
ard
are
designated
Su-20,
but
when
the
Su-22
'Fitter-F'appeared
as
a
'Fit-
fLxelage
revealed
a
change
of
engine
extra fuel
tanks,
Export verslons
of
the
the
'Frtter-C'
except
for
a
sliqhtly
'Atoll' AAMs,
A
Tumansky-powered
two-seater
has
been
noted
in
Sovret
Specification
Su-17'Fitter-C'
Type: single-seat variable-
geometry
Armament:
two 30-mm
NR-30
cannon
(with
70
rpg)
inwinqroots;
four
underwing
and four
underfuselage
weapon pylons
for
up
to 4000
kg
(B,B
I
B
Ib)
of
ordnance rncluding
Powerplant: one
I
1200-kq (24,6911b)
thrust
Lyulka AL-2
I
F
3
afterburnrng
minute); service
ceiliq
-?
-
-l
:.
(59,055 fr;:
comLo:
:;r:.-,',
.-:.
:'
'.'.
'<:
-
(4 409
lb.r of sto
rei
::
.
kr-
I
:
-
:-=:
-<::-
on
a
hi-lo-hr
mrss;c:
cr
3i
I
i2?4
turbojet
Performance: maximum speed
2300
km/h
(
1,429
mph)
or
Mach
2, 17
at
altitude;
maximumspeed
l2BS
km/h
(798
mph)
or
Mach
1,05 at
sea
level;
inittal climb rate
13,800
m
(45,275
ft
per
$ound-attack fighter
miles)
on
a
loJc-1o
nss-::
Dimensions:
spar.
ere:-deC
(26"
sweep)
14
00 m
14r
..
::.
irlly-
swept (62')
10
60
m
(34
ft
9,2
Ln):
length
18.75
m
(61
it
Lri):
heiqht
4 75
m
(15
ft7
in); \r'1ngarea.
extended
40.
I
m'z(432 sq fr)
.
6l
ter-D'
counterpart,
its bulged
rear
to
the
11500-kq
(25,353-lb)
thrust
Tumansky
R-29B
afterburning
turbojet
for even
better
performance, A 'Fitter-
Exported
in
1976, this
EWptian
Su-20
was
refurbished in
1982
and
brought
back
to
operational
status.
Egyptwas
a
major
user
ofSoviet
equipment
but
has
boughtF-16s
and
Mirage
2000s.
623

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