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CONTENTS
Garrierborne
Aircraft
BreguetAliz6
DassaullBreEet
Super
Etendud
BAeAV-8,V.C
422
422
423
423
424
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lirll
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.-iiiil
lllrili
Aircraft
Grrierborne
i:#f
:i,;1:r'ii,I'f
.,f"*'"ff
?1|"
VoughtA-ZE Corsair
There is no
wat
machine that
exptesses
gteater
powet
than
those
aircraft
that
operate
fuom
mod,etn
carciets,
Concentrated
into
a
tight
airtrame
are
powefiul
engifites,
sophisticated,
auionics,
the
very
best weiapon
systems
and
vety
professional
aircrews,
combining
to produce an
awesome
military
asset
of tremendouspotency,
There
can
be few more impressive
sights than
a
giant
aircraft-carrier
at
full speed
wlth
up
to
80
aircraft, wings and rotors folded, ranged
on
its
acres of
deck in
closely-spaced lines, This is the epitome of
power
at
sea,
and
a
daunting challenge
to
the air forces
of nations
which border
the
world's
oceans, The
prime
importance
of
the
aircraft-carrier,
both
as
an escort
for shipping and
an instrument
of
attack, was
confirmed in
World
War
II, and the lesson
has
been driven
home in
operations
off
the
coasts
of
Korea,
Vietnam irnd
the
Falkland Islands
in
subsequent
years,
That
two{hirds
of
the modern
carrierborne
aircraft
described
in the
pages
which follow
are
ofAmerican
origin
is
no
accident
or result
of
bias,
Simply,
it
is confirmation of the
unquestionable
fact
that
the
US
Navy
possesses
by far the most
powerful
seagoing air
arm
(in
fact, the
US
Navy
has
in
its
own
right
the
world's third-largest
air force), based
on
over
a
dozen
major
vessels
and a similar number
of
comparativeiy
smaller
'flat{ops'including
those
for
the
US
Marine
Corps. Though
its
specifica-
tions
for new aircraft invariably demand multiple capabilities, the
US
Navy can
boast
a
separate
type for
almost
every role
demanded of
II
carries
{Ifi';;;gtitiif"!';:"1:s;'n"
velopment
of carrierbased flxed-wing aircraft, but both the
Dassa:l:_
Bregruet
Super Etendard
and BAe
Sea
Harrier
are
tasked
wrth
a:
defence
and strike
missions
for
reasons
of
economy
and
ava:lab:e
stowage,
Specialued early-warning, ECM and modern patrol
aire-
are
absent
from the decks of
these navies,
and
as
the UK
yet
aga=
discovered
in
1982,
this omission can
endanger
the
theoretical
bffeci';e-
ness
of surface combatants
and their
aircraft.
USSR
is
.
The aircraft,
represented
by just
a
single
rudimentary
VTOL
carr:er_
based
indicating
a
belated recognition
of
the potentialities c:
a
seagoing air
force,
The form
of
the
aircraft which undoubtedly
wil
folcr.-
the
Yakovlev
Yak-36MP
remains
a
matter
of
conjecture
rn
the
West c.;:
power,
is the
key to control of
Z0
percent
of
the
globe,
their
purpose
is
abundantly
clear:
naval
power,
meaning
nava_l
a:
embarked
aviation.
France
and the
UK,
whilst eclipsed
as naval
powers,
continue de-
with.the
u.'torll's
third-largest air
arm,
the
united
states Navy dominates the
carner aircra{t
scene.
They operate
I
3
carriers
with
anothei
four under
construction or on commission. Of
the
many
types of
aircraft
carried,
the
VoughtA-Z
CorsairII
is
oneof
themostnutiterous,
opiriliig'iie
s:iiie
rot".
lI
i#[*",
Atiz6
wtth I'A6ronavale have been assumed
by
the
A6rospatiale
Super
Frelon
heli-
copter, but two operational
squadrors
guet Br.I150 Aliz6 evolved from
a
late-
1940s
design
for
a
carrier-based attack
aircraft, the
8r.960
Vultur, tn which
a
turboprop
engine
was
augmented
bya
jet
to give
sprrnt
performance during
critical
phases
of
its mission, The Vul-
tur failed
to
proceed beyond
the
pro-
totype
stage, but
l'A6ronavale
ordered
the similar, though much slower, Aliz6
for ASW
duties,
ffith
a
larger
fuselage,
craft
of
the French and Indian
navres
for
more than hvo decades, the
Bre-
Principal
anti-submarine
patrol
air-
ments
are
regularly
undertaken
continue to
fly
the type, and deploy-
aboard
the carriers
Foci
and
Clemenceau.
A
well-deserved
(and
necessary)
refit
programme
is
cur-
rently
in progress
to
update
28
aircraft
Thomson-CSF Igmane
radar,
SERCEI,-
for
service into
the
1990s.
Amongst
new
systems
being
installed
are
a
Crouzet
VLF
Omega
inertial
navrga-
tion
system,
electronic support
mea-
sures
(ESM)
equipment, new
com-
munications systems
and other
im-
proved
avionics, Under
original
plans
the Aliz6
would now
be
extinct
in
Europe,
but
now both
its
operators
plan
to
keep
the
aucraft
in servrce
until
therr present carriers are
withdran':r,
accommodating
three
crew, and
a
smaller wing,
the
prototype flew
in
1956,
'dtutbin' which
retracts into the rear
fuselage
when
not in
use,
the
Alu6
may
Carrying
a
search radar in
a
ventral
(
10,000 ft);
patrol speed
240-370
km/h
7
(149-230
mph);
servrce
ceiling8000 m
(26,245 ft),
normal range
2500
(
1,553
be armed with depth charges, rockets
Sonobuoy
stowage is
in
the large
wing
fauings
or
air-to-surface missiles,
kn
The
Breguet
Aliz6
has been
in
operationwith
the
French
navy
which also
house
the
main
landtng
hows40minutes
mlles); maximum endurance
retractableventral
radome
for
its
role
of anti-
su
bm arine
w
arf are.
(Aeronavale) for
manyyears.
It
has a
gear units,
Series production
amounted
to
87
aircraft, of
which
for
service
aboard
the canier
Specification
Dassault-Bregruet
Br.
1050
Aliz6
Weights: empty equipped
5700
kg
( 12,
566
1b);
maximum take-ofi
8200
kg
(lB,07B
lb)
were ordered
by
the
Indian
Navy
12
andatshorebases,
theseseeingheavy
utilization durrng
the
1971
war
wrth
twboprop
Vilaant
duties
Type: three-seat carrier-based anti-
submarine
aircraft
Powerplant:one
l,975-shp
(1,473-kW)
Rolls-Royce
Dart
RDa.7
Mk
21
Performance: maximum speed
518
km/h
(322
mph)
at
3050
m
Pakistan,
To some extent,
the
Aliz6's
Dimensions:span
15.60
m(51
ft2
in);
length
13,86
m
(45 ft 6
in); herqht
5,OO
m
(16 ft43lq
in);
wrngarea36,00
m2
(3B7,51sqft)
Armament: underfl:selage weapons
bay
accommodatinq
one
torpedo
or
three
160-ks
(353{b) depth charges;
racks
under
rnner
wings
for
two
160-kg
(353{b)
or
175-ks (386-lb)
depth
charges;
racks beneath
outer
wings fot
six
12.7-cm
(S-in)
rockets
or hvo
Nord
AS,
12
air-to-surface
missiles;
and
sonobuoys in
underwing weapon/
wheei nacelles
fI
ij"tt""rt-Bregruet
Super
Etendard
Principal
front-[ne
aircraft of
the
French navy's
air
arm
(A6ronavale),
the
Dassault-Bregruet
Super Etendard
serues
with
three
squadrons
and
rs
regmlarly
deployed
aboard
the
car-
riers Focfi and
Clemenceau. The
ori-
NATO requirement
for a
land-based
aucraft, but when
its
replacement re-
cerved
consideration,
an
improved
version was
ordered
in
place
of
the
originally-proposed
navalized
Jagnrar,
The
exactinq French
specification
called
for
the standard aircraft
to
in-
corporate
the stnke and
reconnaiss-
ance roles previously undertaken by
two
Etendard variants (Etendard
IVM
and Etendard
MP
respectively),
and
combine
this
vr'rth
a new au-defence
SuperElendards gained
fame
during
the
Falklands
campaign
due
to
their
use
against
Brttish
shipping,
these
Argentinian Super
Etendards sankHMS Sheffield with Exocet sea-
skimming missiles.
ginal
Etendard shipboard
strike-
flghter
evolved from
a
mid-1950s
wing
stores,
including Matra R
550
Magic infra-red AAMs and
hose-
equipped
tanks
for
'buddy' refuelling,
Aerodynamic
improvements
con-
cerned a
revrsed
wing
with
drooped
provlsion for a
wide
range of
under-
five of
14
on
order
seeinq operational
use
from land
bases
in
the
Falklands
war, destroying
two Britjsh ships
with
their
potent
AM,39 Exocet
missiles.
achieved
carrier
quaMication aboard
the Veinttcinco
de
Mayo early
in
1983.
At the same
time, production
was
com-
nian targets, particularly offshore
oi
installatlons,
Delivery took place
ir
October
1983.
The
single
Argentine
squadron
Specification
Dassault-Breguet Super
Etendard
leading
edges
and
double-slotted
flaps,
whrJst
a
new
(8K50)
versron
of
the
Type: single-seat carrier-based attack
capability.
Accordingly,
the
Super
Etendard was produced
with
Agave
radar for
attack
as
well
as intercept
duties,
an inertial
navigation
system
(SKN
2602)
with head-up display
and
Super Etendard was
suppled
to
Argentina from
1981
onwards, the first
well-tried
Atar engine gives
additional
thrust; no
afterburner
rs
fitted,
Hanng entered service
in
i978, the
pleted of
71 Super Etendards
for
l'A6ronavale, but
in
response
to an
lra-
qr
request, five
of
these (together
with
20
Exocets)
were
sold to the
air
force
for operations in the
Gulf against
lra-
aircraft
Powerplant:
one 5000-kg
(l
1,025-lb)
thrust
SNECMAAtaT
BK50
turbojet
Performance:
maxrmum
speed
at
1ow
altitude, clean
1200
krn/h
(748
mph);
inltral
climb rate
6000 m (19,685 ft)
per
minutei service
ceiling
13700
m
(44,950 ft);
radius
on
a
hi-lo-hi mission
with
one AM39 and one tank
650 lcrn
(403
miles)
Weights: empty
6450
kg
(14,220
1b);
maximum take-off
(allows
maximum
weapons
or
maxrmum fuel, but
not
both)
I 1500
ks
(25,350
lb)
Dimensions: span
9,6 m
(3I
ft 6
1n);
lensth
14,31
m(46
ft I17z in);
heigh!
3.86
m
(12
ft8
in);
wingarea2S.4mz
(305,7
sq
ft)
Armament:
hvo 30-mm DEFA
cannon
each
with
125
rounds; fuselge
pylons
for two
551ib
(250-kg) bombs,
four
wing hardpoints
for 8821b (400-kg)
bombs,
rocket
pods or
Magic AAMs;
alternatively
one AM39 Exocet
ASM
under
the
right wing
and one
242-lmp
gal
(
1
100-litre) tank
under
the left
wing
third
Super
Etendard
seen
during
carrier
trials;
the
double
The
slotted flaps
are
depressedfor
maximum
lift.
They
are
deployed
aboard
the
carriers
Foch
and
Clemenceau,
>K
iie"AV-8A/c
'\!,://
5',
ate
at
sea from compartively
small
assault
carriers and then redeploy
to
the
beach-head
to
work
beside
the
dsembarked
troops,
On
one occasron,
AV-BAS
have formed
part of a
Naqr
Franklin
D.
Roosevelt,
whrlst
the
type
has
occasronally
been deployed
from
its
base
at Cherry
Point
to a forward
station at Iwakuni,
Japan.
A
Harrrer whrch regnrlarly
qoes
to
sea
but
rs
not
a
Sea
Harrrer,
the BAe
AV-8A
is
the
US
Marines' versron of
the
RAF
Harrier, rn
service
with
three
oper-
ational squadrons
and a
trarning
unit,
As
such
it
is
principalty
a
ground-
attack alrcraft, lacking the laser
nose
retrospectively
fitred
to
British
variants
but ideally suited to the
US
Marrnes'
requrrements
for a high-perfornance
close-support aircraft whrch
can
oper-
/|-'''
a-
--:
C.
@-
....-
,
AV-84 and
areknownas Matadors.
Below:
US
With theSpanishnavy
designationVA.l,
BAeHarriers
flyfrom
the
carrierD6dalo.
?ftesearesr'm
ilar
to
theIJS
Marines'
Marines AV-BA
as
flown
by
VMA-23
assault
carriers
for
support
ofground
{orces.
L
These can be
llown
from
Carrier
Alr
Wing
aboard
the
USS
Although American personnel flew
on-
qinal
P.1127,
known
as
the
Kestrel,
a
mrlitary evaluation version
of the
USMC interest in the Harrrer's unique
capabrlrties
did
not
develop
into
a
pro-
duction
order
until
some
years
later.
The first
ofan eventual
102
AV-BAs
and
eighl
lwo-seat TAV-BA trainers
was
ordered
througrh
US
channels by
Spain
for
use
aboard the
carrier
D6da1o,
fol-
AV-BAs
and two
TAV-BAs
were
dehvered
in
1971,
but
because several
small batches
were ordered,
plans
for
US
manufacture
could not
be
im-
plemented, and all AV-BAs
were
burlt
in the
UK.
Power
was
provided by
the
Pegasus
1
1
engrine,
although the
first
10
had
Pegasus
lOs
when delivered,
Six
lowed
by
a
further five direct
from
qases
from
the
Pegasus'
swivelling
nozzles,
Avionrcs and
systems are
totally
new,
gmnpod
strakes. These augment take-
off
hft
by
forming
a
cushion of
exhaust
BAe. These have
the local
desiona-
tions
VA.I
for
the srngle-seatersind
VAE.I
for the
trainers.
AV-BAs remaining
in
sewice
wrth
the
USMC have
been converted
to
AV-8C
standard
by
incorporation of
some features
of
the AV-BB
(described
separately),
including the retractable
dam near the gun pofis and
larqer
Specification
BAeAV-8C
Type: single-seat
ship- or
land-based
llght
attack
flghter
Powerplant:
one 9752-kg
(2
1,500-lb)
thrust
Rolls-Royce Pegasus
Mk
l03
vectodng-thrust turbofan
Performance:
maximum
speed
over
I 186
lcdh
(737
mph)
or
Mach
0,92
at
lowaltitude; climbto
12190
m
(40,000 ft)
in
2
minutes
22
seconds;
(59
miles)
after
VTO
or
705
kn
(43S
mrles) after
a
365-m
(1,200-ft)
run
sen'rce
cerlingmore
than iS240
m
(50,000 ft);
combat
radius
mth l36t-lb
(3,000-lb)
external
stores load
9S
km
Weights: empty
5529
kq
(
12,
190
lbl
maximum take-off7734 kg
(
17,05C
l:
forVTOor
10115
kg(22,300
lb)forS-
l
Dimensions:
span
7.70 m (25 ft 3 rn)
lenqth
13.87
m
(45 ft 6
in); heiqhr
3
4-
:,
(
I
I
ft 4
in);
wing area
18,'68
mt
(20
1,
1
sq
ft)
Armament:two
30-mm cannon.
pi
.
-:
to 2404
kg
(5,300
lb) ofdisposable
ordnance
onive
hardpoints,
plus
r,';_
AIM-9 Sidewrnder
air-ro-a
rr
mss,=.
BAe
Sea
Harrier
preceded
it
rn
squadron
service by
a
full
10
years, the BAe
Sea
Harrier
was
ordered
into
production
in
1975
by the
Royal
Navy
for
service aboard
the
three
'lnvincible'
class
ASW
carriers,
or
'through-deck' cruisers. Prime re-
Derled
from the
RAF
Harrier, which
During
the
Falklands war,
Sea
Harriers were
painted in tow
visibitity grey.
creased
to
four)
AiM-9L
Sidewinder
AAMs
on
wing
pylons
to give
fleet-
defence
capability,
Retaimng,
rn
addi-
tion,
the Harriers
ground-attack
and
quirement
was for
a
multi-role aircraft,
and
thus
the
Sea
Harrier
added
a
nose
radome
for
Ferranti
BIue Fox
arr-
intercept radar and two (later
in-
April
nava[zed
variant
is
equipped
to
carry
Sea
Eagle anti-ship missiles
when
these
enter sewice
rn the
mid-1980s,
Sea
Harriers
became operational
rn
tactical
reconnaissance
roles,
the
capabilrties
wjll
be
further improved
by
a
refit programme during
the late-
1980s,
in which
a
new pulse-Doppler
Vikrant,
The
Sea
Harrier's already extensive
servrce ceiling more than
15240
m
port operations, undertaken by
a
force
of2B
aircraft during hostilities,
Sea
Har-
riers
returning
a
remarkable
95
per
cent serviceability and
flying
g9
per
cent
of
all sorties planned, For take-off
at
maximum weight, the arrcraft
uses
a
short run terminating in
a
ramp,
or
'ski
jump'
but
employs vertrcal thrust
for
landrng, even when poor weather
pro-
hibrts flying
by
other fixed-winq
car-
rier
aircraft.
Royal
Nalry
Sea
Harrier
June
1982,
when they
destroyed
20
Argentine aircraft without
loss.
Only
two
Sea
Harriers
were
shot
down bv
gnound
flre
in over
l,l0O combat
aii
pauol
missions
and
90
offensive sup-
1980
and
performed with distinc-
tion
duringr
the Falklands war
of
April-
AAM
radar-grLrided
misstles
will
pro-
vrde a
look-down/shoot-down poten-
tial,
displacrng Sidewlnders
to
the
wingtips.
Aerodynamic
rmprove-
ments,
involving leading-edge
root
ex-
radar and four
Hughes
AIM-120 AMR-
(50,000 ft);
radius wrthout
inflight-
refu
elling (high-aititude interceptton)
750
km
(460
miles), or
(lowJevet
strike)
463
km
(2BB
miles)
Weights: empty
5670
kg
(
12,500
lb);
maxrmum take-off
more than
11794
kq
(26,000
]b)
lenqth I4
50m(47
ft7 tn)
hergl_r
:
.
(12
ILz 1n),winq
area
iB.68 m
(201,1
sq
ft)
Armament:two
30-mm
Aden
cai.:::
each
with
125
rounds (optional):
underwing
loads can
rnclude all
weapons
of
Harrier
plus
AIM-9L
:t
(lndia) Magic AAMs
and
Sea
Ea:.=
Harpoon
oi
orher antr-shrp
rr-s-.J:s
.
Dimensions: span
7,70
m
(25 ft 3
rl)
tensions (LERX)
will
enhance combat
manoeuwabrlity,
Specification
BAeSeaHarrierFRS.Mk
I
Type: single-seat
V/STOL
ship-based
multi-role combat
aircraft
Powerplant:
one 9752-kq
(2
1,500tb)
thrust Rolls-Royce Pegasus
Mk
104
vectored-thrust turbofan
Performance:
maximum
speed 'over
I
185
km/h
(736
mph)'
at
sea
level;
dive
hmit Mach
1
25t
climb to
12190
m
(40,000 ft)
in
2
mrnutes
20
seconds;
FRS.Mk
whilst
a
further
srx Sea
Harrier
FRS.Mk
5I
flghters
and
two
Sea
Harrier T.Mk
60
trainers
were delivered
to
the
indi-
an Nalry
for operation from the
carier
I
orders currently total
48
'
Black
Death'
became
the Sea
H
arrier's
name
amongs
t
Argentinian
pilots
who
tied
to
attack
the
British
taskforce.This
example
is
fromNo.
899
Sqn,RoyalNavy.
E"
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