4000 Essential English Words 6.pdf

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English

Words

I J L i d J E s ...

S -

l v

— ......... -................. -...............................

j j j g j g g j

Unit

Target Words

alleviate, astrology, differentiate, disrupt, equation, err, erroneous, frantic, hull, inadvertent, improvise,

latitude, mariner, multitude, nuisance, permanence, revolve, soothe, stranded, volatile

arduous, attain, coexist, conceive, dubious, ego, elastic, endeavor, engrave, excavate,

jagged, locale, mold, outright, periphery, plaster, shovel, skeletal, terrestrial, vicious

absurd, anemia, aristocracy, aristocrat, attire, craze, enlarge, excess, feminine, hallmark,

pad, predominant, reputable, rouge, signify, strap, tangle, vanity, vie, vulgar

attic, chunk, civic, descent, din, dissatisfy, fuss, gourmet, hence, intrinsic, kettle, ministry,

ordeal, outspoken, overwork, particular, pungent, snore, soundly, superintendent

alternate, apologetic, benign, char, clarify, distress, dogged, ensue, gasp, negotiate,

overdose, persuasion, relay, reluctance, restate, sesame, sip, verge, wary, waver

ashore, contradict, counterpart, devoid, diverge, elude, embryo, fend, fictitious, gazette,

homogeneous, obstruct, plunge, prolong, publicize, sparse, surplus, theorize, verify, vigorous

altar, arthritis, botany, credible, deceased, deception, decipher, dung, dusk, gratify,

hone, mash, ornate, pneumonia, psychic, psychotic, scope, sinister, strife, therapeutic

congested, courier, deform, etiquette, exclusive, freight, garment, insomnia, intuitive, liable,

obsess, overboard, premium, privilege, propel, socialize, suppress, tram, unsettle, warp

artery, deterioration, elusive, forage, impede, induce, inseparable, invalid, magnify, mainstream,

microbe, negligible, paralysis, pest, prevail, respiration, rupture, savage, stun, susceptible

accumulate, aerial, apparatus, avalanche, consistency, convection, discharge, intact, mortal,

omen, overcast, poignant, ranger, rubble, seclude, sideways, sob, sober, speck, upbringing

advocate, authorize, civilian, commodity, conquest, disclose, dynamics, enroll, envious,

euphoria, festive, jolly, lentil, marshal, morale, prophecy, sage, senate, sentiment, unrest

adorn, bliss, butler, cramp, dilapidated, evoke, farewell, faucet, filth, flaw, grin,

housekeeping, mound, numb, reckless, slate, stool, testament, timber, valve

certify, collaborate, compile, counteract, curb, diagnose, enact, federation, gross, humane,

intolerable, needy, onset, pledge, prohibit, rash, render, smallpox, transmit, vow

camouflage, contemplate, contend, cot, enlist, frontier, handbook, hesitant, lush, marrow,

outfit, paw, quiver, splendid, stray, substantial, torch, tract, vigil, weary

Page

adhere, administer, compassionate, contaminate, deficiency, epidemic, hazard, imperative, intestines, manifest,

metabolic, overcrowded, paramount, practitioner, provision, replenish, sterile, upgrade, viable, voluntary

Unit

Target Words

amid, backstage, billionaire, brute, clumsy, collide, culprit, evacuate, flammable, mob,

premature, resent, satire, scrutiny, segregate, subject, testify, tumult, underestimate, uproar

accelerate, anew, defect, dreary, duplicate, electromagnetic, electron, glide, ingenious, innovation,

innovative, launch, meteorological, meteorology, penetrate, propulsion, simulate, spur, stimulate, tenacious

beforehand, centigrade, chatter, concerto, condense, cove, deteriorate, exterior, freeway, hearty,

hospitable, manor, monastery, nursery, outstretched, parcel, profile, vivacious, winding, zip

airway, Almighty, advent, constellation, definitive, equate, inhale, invoke, lunar, novelty,

outmoded, personalize, pertain, primal, psychiatric, psychiatry, reflex, seizure, session, utensil

adhesive, adverse, dependency, dump, eternal, fluctuate, fro, inclusion, intermediate, intermittent,

mentor, phoenix, photosynthesis, pollen, regain, reverse, swarm, texture, tickle, vibrant

abolish, amend, aspire, censor, charter, constitution, cosmopolitan, disseminate, flatter,

infamous, lame, limp, outburst, pathological, phenomenal, poll, remorse, secrecy, tackle, trance

coward, delete, firsthand, earnest, ethnic, exclude, fluent, imperial, inclusive, legislature,

linguistic, monolingual, nationality, patriot, prosecute, racial, solemn, solidarity, tact, undermine

allocate, appetizing, blizzard, cavity, clockwise, concentric, courtesy, crisp, discord, frigid,

generate, glacial, interchange, locker, multicultural, omission, oversee, pierce, replicate, wavy

abide, conversion, cram, defer, export, fume, habitual, justify, output, overpopulation, patent,

penalize, petroleum, prototype, scrap, sector, subscribe, subsist, suspend, synthesis

acrobat, advocacy, communal, fluid, harmonize, industrious, inventive, judicial, Mandarin,

metropolitan, mimic, misguided, rehearse, scorn, sensory, staple, statute, veteran, villain, vine

constrain, depot, emulate, forefinger, guts, inherent, intimidate, janitor, moist, nope,

prod, ransom, restrain, saliva, spit, sprint, stunt, tolerant, vampire, yawn

analogy, ancestry, archer, conspiracy, deputy, earl, fragrant, funnel, hereditary, hymn,

invert, prey, procession, prophet, sarcastic, seasoning, sodium, tyranny, tyrant, vinegar

adjoining, allege, arch, assemble, casualty, erect, foul, hectare, heighten, hospitality,

mansion, outnumber, overjoyed, pasture, petition, renovate, revise, slab, terrace, turf

analogous, binoculars, bulk, comprise, depict, dual, Fahrenheit, fulfill, grove, ore, outback,

outweigh, paradox, pier, shortcut, tariff, thermometer, tilt, vice versa, whereabouts

amber, charcoal, columnist, courteous, credentials, crickets, delta, detergent, euphemism,

expire, granite, gravel, haunt, liberal, maze, moss, peck, pebble, reservoir, streak

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146

152

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176

182

About the Vocabulary

The 600 words in each book of this series along with the additional target words

presented in the appendices included in the first three books of the series are the most

useful words in English. They were found by analysis of a collection of English course

books from various levels in the primary, secondary and tertiary school systems. The

words included in this series were chosen because they occurred many times in different

levels of these materials. Because of the way

that they were chosen, these words have the following characteristics:

They are useful in both spoken and written English. No matter what English course

you are studying, the words in these books w ill be of value to you.

Each word in these books is a high-frequency word. This means that the effort in

learning the words is well repaid by the number of times learners have a chance to

encounter or use them.

These books as a whole cover a large proportion of the words in any spoken or written

text. They cover at least 80% of the words in newspapers and academic texts, and

at least 90% of the words in novels. They also cover at least 90% of the words in

conversation.

About the Books

The activities in these books are specially designed to make use of im portant learning

conditions. Firstly, the words are introduced using sentence definitions and an example

sentence. The activities that follow in the units encourage learners to recall the meanings

and forms of the words. Some activities also make the learners think about the meaning

of the words in the context of a sentence— a sentence different from the sentences that

occurred in the introduction of the words. Moreover, each unit ends with a story containing

the target words. While reading the story, the learners have to recall the meanings of the

words and suit them to the context of the story. Such activities help learners develop a

better understanding of a common meaning for a given word which fits the different uses.

Illustrations for each target word are provided to help learners visualize the word as it

is being used in the example sentence. These w ord/im age associations aim to help

students grasp the meaning of the word as well as recall the word later.

It should be noted that words have more than one grammatical category. However, this

series focuses on the word’s most common form. This is mentioned to remind learners

that just because a word is labeled and utilized as a noun in this series does not mean

that it can never be used in another form such as an adjective. This series has simply

focused on the word in the form that it is most likely to be expressed.

Supporting Learning with Outside Activities

A well-balanced language course provides four major opportunities for learning: learning

through input, learning through output, deliberate learning, and fluency development. The

highly structured activities in these books support all four types of learning opportunities.

In addition, learning can further be supported through the following activities:

Have students create vocabulary cards with one word from the unit on one side of the

card and the translation of the word in the student’ s first language on the other side.

Students should use the cards for study in free moments during the day. Over several

weeks, students will find that quick repeated studying for brief periods of time is more

effective than studying for hours at one sitting.

Assign graded readers at students’ appropriate levels. Reading such books provides

both enjoyment as well as meaning-focused input which w ill help the words stick in

students’ memory.

Practice reading fluency to promote faster recall of word meaning for both sight

recognition and usage. Compass Publishing’s

Reading fo r Speed and Fluency

is a

good resource for reading fluency material.

Include listening, speaking, and w riting activities in classes. Reinforcement of the

high-frequency vocabulary presented in this series is im portant across all the four

language skills.

A u th o r

Paul Nation

Paul Nation is professor of Applied Linguistics in the School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies

at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. He has taught in Indonesia, Thailand, the United States,

Finland, and Japan. His specialist interests are language teaching methodology and vocabulary learning.

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