Character Traits - Linda Edelstein.pdf
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TABLE OF
contents
INTRODUCTION
1
O N E
10
REAL PEOPLE AND BELIEVABLE CHARACTERS
Cohesiveness and Consistency • Roles Influence Traits; Traits Influence
Roles • Situations Influence Traits; Traits Influence Situations • Relationships
Influence Traits; Traits Influence Relationships • Empathy • Believable
Characters • Character History • Diversity
T W O
18
ADULT PERSONALITY TYPES
of Each Personality Type
Traits of 23 Adult Personality Types With Internal and Interpersonal Attributes
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
CHAPTER
THREE
49
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT TYPES
• Traits of Adolescence
CHAPTER
Traits of Infancy and Early Childhood • Traits of Middle Childhood
FOUR
80
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
Early Influences Shape Personality • Mild Childhood Problems • Moder-
ate and Severe Childhood Problems • Adolescent Problems • Problems
in Adult Development • Severe Disorders of Adulthood
CHAPTER
FIVE
119
CRIMINAL TYPES
Types of People who Commit Nondeadly, Nonsexual Criminal Acts
• Types of Rapists and Others who Commit Sexual Crimes • Types of
Murderers • Organized Crime
CHAPTER
S I X
160
SEXUAL ISSUES
Traits of Sexual Behaviors • Varieties of Sexual Identification • Genetic
Sexual Disorders
CHAPTER
SEVEN
173
LOVE, MARRIAGE, AND OTHER ARRANGEMENTS
• Problems in Love and Marriage • Separation and Divorce
CHAPTER
Falling in Love • Choosing a Partner • Forming Relationships • Marriage
EIGHT
206
CREATING A FAMILY
Parenting • Adoption • Birth Order • Families with a Disabled Child
• Grown Children's Relationships With Parents • Remarriage and
Stepfamilies
CHAPTER
NINE
222
ORDINARY AND EXTRAORDINARY EVENTS
Creating Friendships • Adolescence • Transitions • Aging • Bereavement
and Trauma
CHAPTER
T E N
PHYSICAL AND MIND/BODY DISORDERS
248
Remembering and Forgetting • Pseudophysical Disorders • Sleep
Problems • Substance Abuse • Eating Disorders • Communication
Disorders • Sexual Disorders
CHAPTER
ELEVEN
TWELVE
THIRTEEN
CAREER TRAITS
279
Career Choice • Career Problems • Stages of Career Development
• Traits of People in Forty-Two Careers
CHAPTER
GROUP INFLUENCES
303
Families • Group Development • Traits of Leaders in Groups • Roles
of Group Members • Traits of Specific Groups, Gangs, and Cults
CHAPTER
PHYSICAL APPEARANCES AND COMMUNICATION
330
Appearances • Body Language • Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
Writers ask me all kinds of questions: "What makes a man have an affair?"
"Why would a woman stalk her former lover?" "How can I learn what motivates
a person's behavior?" Rarely is there one answer to questions like these. But
psychological research can provide vast amounts of data that can help writers,
beginners and accomplished authors alike, gather accurate information about
personality and behavior in order to create believable and authentic characters.
My goal in writing this book has been to create a friendly reference for just
that purpose. It is a crash course in psychology for writers. I describe the inner
workings and behaviors of ordinary—and not-so-ordinary—people in lists,
charts, and descriptive paragraphs. All this information is not a substitute for
your imagination, but a way to inspire your mind.
In my work as a clinician and teacher, I don't deal with fictional characters; I
work with people. I have been in psychology since the early 1970s, so I have had
a lot of time to understand the interior lives of individuals, couples, and groups:
what makes them feel happy and sad, what motivates them, and what events
bring them to a screeching halt. Daily, I tiptoe my way through the many layers
that exist in each of us and marvel at how impenetrable most of them remain,
both to ourselves and to those around us. I am continually impressed—not
always positively—by the strange ways people behave. Just when I tell myself
that I have heard it all, I am humbled again by the intrigues people manage
to create' Dorothy Parker was right: "People are more fun than anybody." To
understand people, to write about them, and to read about them is endlessly
engaging. When we unravel their psychological puzzles, we ultimately shed
light on our own lives.
As a psychologist, I am the ultimate reader. I sit in an armchair and read people
all day long, always moving through an unfolding story, worrying, trying to
understand, making sense, cheering, unraveling mysteries, and bearing witness
to the search for a happy ending. This book is a synthesis of my reading, real and
imagined, over the years; I wrote it because I thought it would be fun for me
and helpful for others to have easy, accurate lists of qualities that hang together
in personality types. In this book you will find more than four hundred lists
describing individual personality types, traits associated with stages of normal
child development, types of criminals, patterns of sexual behavior, dynamics
of life events, family processes, responses to traumas and disasters, group and
organizational dynamics, characteristics associated with people in various careers,
descriptions of abnormal behavior, and other assorted informational tidbits.
The lists presented here contain traits that are not my own creation, but are
usually mainstream ideas accepted in psychological theory and research. Some
material is on the edge, especially when I describe disorders about which little
is yet known. Footnotes point you to more articles and books if you want to go
deeper into any of the material.
One of the strange features about being a psychologist is that everybody else
is also a psychologist. People know a great deal about psychology; we as a society
have become very well informed on human emotions and behaviors. The ever-
increasing array of talk shows, reality TV, interview shows, and magazines reveals
both the unending desire to know about other people's lives and the genuine
sophistication of the man or woman on the street with regard to psychological
matters. One-dimensional, uninteresting characters have become unacceptable
to the reading public.
Writers hate stereotypes because they are usually unfair, often insulting, and always
boring. But stereotypes are popular because they provide us with a language shortcut.
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