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December 2016 Issue 75 £4.50
www.military-history.org
The Roman Imperial Navy
SEA EAGLES
MAO’S RED
ARMY
create a Communist
superpower?
How did
+
Carnage at Fredericksburg’s
Sunken Lane, 1862
The real
African Queen
Balaklava, 1854
Paul Nash:
‘the strange beauty of war’
SUMNER’S CHARGE
King John’s 13th-century
riverside stronghold
NORMAN IRELAND
MHM
SEA EAGLES
MILITARY
December 2016 Issue 75 £4.50
www.military-history.org
The Roman Imperial Navy
MAO’S RED
ARMY
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD:
Martin Brown
Archaeological Advisor, Defence
Estates, Ministry of Defence
How did
w
Mark Corby
Military historian, lecturer, and
broadcaster
C
create a Communist
t C
t
superpower?
p
Paul Cornish
Curator, Imperial War Museum
Gary Gibbs
Assistant Curator, The Guards Museum
Angus Hay
Former Army Officer, military
historian, and lecturer
Nick Hewitt
Historian, National Museum of the
Royal Navy, Portsmouth
Nigel Jones
Historian, biographer, and journalist
Alastair Massie
Head of Archives, Photos, Film, and
Sound, National Army Museum
Gabriel Moshenska
Research Fellow, Institute
of Archaeology, UCL
Colin Pomeroy
Squadron Leader, Royal Air Force
(Ret.), and historian
Michael Prestwich
Emeritus Professor of History,
University of Durham
Nick Saunders
Senior Lecturer, University of Bristol
Guy Taylor
Military archivist, and archaeologist
Julian Thompson
Major-General, Visiting Professor at
London University
hina has emerged as the Number Two global
superpower alongside the United States. Indeed,
all the signs are that the Chinese economy is set
to overtake the US, and when this happens, sooner or
later, military supremacy is bound to follow.
Not that such shifts in global power are ever simple.
The rising power and the declining power often come
to blows. Tension between China and the US and its
western Pacific allies is already high. We have entered
a danger zone in world geopolitics.
In this issue we look at the historic roots of the
Chinese People’s Liberation Army. Tom Farrell charts
the defeat of the Communists in the cities, Mao’s Long
March to remote Yan’an, and the development of a
rural insurgency by peasant guerrillas under Maoist
command. He looks at how the Red Army was forged
in war against the conventional armies of both Japanese
invaders and Chinese Nationalists.
Also in this issue, Simon Elliott reports on the forgotten
history of the Roman Navy, focusing on the Classis
Britannica, the ‘British Fleet’, and I report on the
Union infantry attack at the Battle of Fredericksburg
in December 1862, which ought to be as famous as
Pickett’s charge at Gettysburg the following year, but
is in fact little remembered.
Patrick Mercer, meantime, continues his Regiment
series with a focus on the 5th Dragoon Guards
at Balaklava, while James Stejskal launches a new
Sideshows series by revealing the real-life story behind
the famous novel and film
The African Queen.
+
Carnage at Fredericksburg’s
tF
k bu g’
Sunken Lane, 1862
The real
African Queen
al
Balaklava, 1854
a a ,
Paul Nash:
uN :
‘the strange beauty of war’
SUMNER’S CHARGE
King John’s 13th-century
riverside stronghold
r
d s n d
NORMAN IRELAND
R A D
ON THE COVER:
Composite image
depicting Mao Zedong standing in front of
details from a Chinese Communist Party
propaganda poster.
WHAT DO
YOU THINK?
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history.org
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Dominic Tweddle
Director-General, National Museum
of the Royal Navy
Greg Bayne
American Civil War Table of the UK
ADD US NOW
and have your say
CONTRIBUTORS
THIS MONTH’S EXPERTS
SIMON ELLIOT
is a historian,
archaeologist,
and former
defence and
aerospace jour-
nalist. His first
book,
Sea Eagles of Empire,
has just
been published by the History Press.
TOM FARRELL
is a freelance
reporter and
feature writer.
He has a special
interest in East
Asian affairs.
He has written several articles
for
Military History Monthly.
PATRICK MERCER
is a former soldier,
journalist, and MP.
He is interested
in any action of
the British Army
or Royal Navy,
but has made a special study of the
Italian Campaign.
JAMES STEJSKAL
is an author,
military historian,
and conflict
archaeologist,
who spent 36
years in the US
Army Special Forces. He has written
a number of military history articles.
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MILITARY
HISTORY
MONTHLY
3
December 2016 |
ISSUE 75
ON THE COVER
Mao’s Red Army
Tom Farrell charts the origins,
history, and final victory of
the Chinese Communists,
and, using Mao’s own words,
we summarise the strategy
and tactics of the Chinese
Communist insurgency in
the 1930s and ’40s.
INCLUDES:
Background
Revolution
Mao’s
Little Red Book
Civil war
Maps
24
UPFRONT
Welcome
Letters
Notes from the Frontline
Behind the Image
Maria Earle looks at a photograph of a
captured German monoplane.
FEATURES
3
7
8
10
12
14
18
The Sea Eagles
The Classis Britannica and
the Roman conquest of Britain
Simon Elliott explores the Roman navy’s role
in the Empire’s campaigns of conquest.
War Composers
Tim Rayborn on the wartime experiences
of Gustav Holst.
42
Sumner’s charge
Fredericksburg, 1862
MHM
Editor Neil Faulkner recalls a forgotten
assault during the American Civil War.
War Culture
MHM
explores the wartime art and
career of 20th-century landscape
painter Paul Nash.
50
REGIMENT
The 5th Dragoon Guards
Patrick Mercer investigates the role of
the 5th (Princess Charlotte of Wales’s)
Dragoon Guards at Balaklava in 1854.
56
SIDESHOW
14
4
MILITARY
HISTORY
MONTHLY
The real
African Queen
James Stejskal uncovers the story
behind the famous film.
December 2016
MHM
CONTENTS
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neil@military-history.org
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andrew@military-history.org
Sub Editor:
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Designer:
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Managing Editor:
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maria@currentpublishing.com
Managing Director:
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THE DEBRIEF
72
68
MHM
REVIEWS
Book of the Month
|
62
Chris Bambery reviews
Jacobites
by Jacqueline Riding.
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VISITS
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|
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David Flintham visits King John’s
Castle, Limerick.
Listings
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s Stewart reviews
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me
by Susan Loughhead;
vid Flintham reviews
To Settle
e Crown
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nd Francesca Trowse reviews
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Military History Monthly
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HM’s
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Briefing Room
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All you need to know
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War on Film
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aylor Downing reviews
The Next of Kin.
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