Pic Microcontrollers For Beginners Book.pdf

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Author:
Nebojsa Matic
for beginners,too!
on-line,
Paperback
- 252 pages (May 15, 2000)
Dimensions (in inches):
0.62 x 9.13 x 7.28
PIC microcontrollers; low-cost computers-in-a-chip; allows electronics designers and hobbyists
add intelligence and functions that mimic big computers for almost any electronic product or
project.
The purpose of this book is not to make a microcontroller expert out of you, but to make you
equal to those who had someone to go to for their answers.
In this book you can find:
Practical connection samples for
Relays, Optocouplers, LCD's, Keys, Digits, A to D Converters, Serial communication etc.
Introduction to microcontrollers
Learn what they are, how they work, and how they can be helpful in your work.
Assembler language programming
How to write your first program, use of macros, addressing modes....
Instruction Set
Description, sample and purpose for using each instruction........
MPLAB program package
How to install it, how to start the first program, following the program step by step in the simulator....
Contents
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION TO
MICROCONTROLLERS
Introduction
History
Microcontrollers versus microprocessors
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
Memory unit
Central processing unit
Buses
Input-output unit
Serial communication
Timer unit
Watchdog
Analog to digital converter
Program
CHAPTER V
MPLAB
Introduction
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
Installing the MPLAB program package
Introduction to MPLAB
Choosing the development mode
Designing a project
Designing new assembler file
Writing a program
MPSIM simulator
Toolbar
CHAPTER VI
THE SAMPLES
Introduction
6.1 The microcontroller power supply
6.2 Macros used in programs
q
CHAPTER II
MICROCONTROLLER
PIC16F84
Introduction
CISC, RISC
Applications
Clock/instruction cycle
Pipelining
Pin description
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
Clock generator - oscillator
Reset
Central processing unit
Ports
Memory organization
Interrupts
Free timer TMR0
EEPROM Data memory
q
Macros WAIT, WAITX
Macro PRINT
6.3 Samples
q
q
q
q
q
q
q
q
q
CHAPTER III
INSTRUCTION SET
Introduction
Instruction set in PIC16Cxx microcontroller
family
Data Transfer
Arithmetic and logic
Bit operations
Directing the program flow
Instruction execution period
Word list
q
Light Emitting Diodes
Keyboard
Optocoupler
r
Optocouplering the input lines
r
Optocouplering the output lines
Relays
Generating a sound
Shift registers
r
Input shift register
r
Output shift register
7-segment Displays (multiplexing)
LCD display
12-bit AD converter
Serial communication
APPENDIX A
INSTRUCTION SET
APPENDIX B
NUMERIC SYSTEMS
Introduction
B.1 Decimal numeric system
B.2 Binary numeric system
B.3 Hexadecimal numeric system
APPENDIX C
GLOSSARY
CHAPTER IV
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
PROGRAMMING
Introduction
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Sample of a written program
Control directives
q
q
q
q
q
q
q
q
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
define
include
constant
variable
set
equ
org
end
Conditional instructions
q
q
q
q
q
q
q
4.9 if
4.10 else
4.11 endif
4.12 while
4.13 endw
4.14 ifdef
4.15 ifndef
Data directives
q
q
q
q
q
4.16
4.17
4.18
4.19
4.20
cblock
endc
db
de
dt
Configurating a directive
q
q
4.21 _CONFIG
4.22 Processor
Assembler arithmetic operators
Files created as a result of program
translation
Macros
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Your message:
PIC, PIC, PICmicro, and MPLAB is a registered and protected
trademark of the Microchip Technology Inc. USA. Microchip logo
and name are the registered tokens of the Microchip Technology.
Copyright 2003, Microchip Technology Inc. All other tokens
mentioned in the book are the property of the companies to
which they belong.
The contents published in this book is subject to copyright and it
must not be reproduced in any form without an explicit written
permission released from the editorial of mikroElektronika.
The contact address for the authorization regarding contents of
this book: office@mikroelektronika.co.yu .
The book was prepared with due care and attention, however the
publisher doesn't accept any responsibility neither for the
exactness of the information published therein, nor for any
consequences of its application.
Submit
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© C o p y r i g h t 2 0 0 3.
m i k r o E l e k t r o n i k a.
All Rights Reserved. For any comments contact
webmaster.
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Chapter 1 - Introduction to Microprocessors
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Table of contents
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CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Microcontrollers
Introduction
History
Microcontrollers versus microprocessors
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
Memory unit
Central processing unit
Buses
Input-output unit
Serial communication
Timer unit
Watchdog
Analog to digital converter
Program
Introduction
Circumstances that we find ourselves in today in the field of microcontrollers had their beginnings in the development of
technology of integrated circuits. This development has made it possible to store hundreds of thousands of transistors into
one chip. That was a prerequisite for production of microprocessors , and the first computers were made by adding external
peripherals such as memory, input-output lines, timers and other. Further increasing of the volume of the package resulted
in creation of integrated circuits. These integrated circuits contained both processor and peripherals. That is how the first
chip containing a microcomputer , or what would later be known as a microcontroller came about.
History
It was year 1969, and a team of Japanese engineers from the BUSICOM company arrived to United States with a request
that a few integrated circuits for calculators be made using their projects. The proposition was set to INTEL, and Marcian
Hoff was responsible for the project. Since he was the one who has had experience in working with a computer (PC) PDP8, it
occured to him to suggest a fundamentally different solution instead of the suggested construction. This solution presumed
that the function of the integrated circuit is determined by a program stored in it. That meant that configuration would be
more simple, but that it would require far more memory than the project that was proposed by Japanese engineers would
require. After a while, though Japanese engineers tried finding an easier solution, Marcian's idea won, and the first
microprocessor was born. In transforming an idea into a ready made product , Frederico Faggin was a major help to INTEL.
He transferred to INTEL, and in only 9 months had succeeded in making a product from its first conception. INTEL obtained
the rights to sell this integral block in 1971. First, they bought the license from the BUSICOM company who had no idea
what treasure they had. During that year, there appeared on the market a microprocessor called 4004. That was the first 4-
bit microprocessor with the speed of 6 000 operations per second. Not long after that, American company CTC requested
from INTEL and Texas Instruments to make an 8-bit microprocessor for use in terminals. Even though CTC gave up this idea
in the end, Intel and Texas Instruments kept working on the microprocessor and in April of 1972, first 8-bit microprocessor
appeard on the market under a name 8008. It was able to address 16Kb of memory, and it had 45 instructions and the
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