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English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 491
TOPICS
American Presidents – Rutherford B. Hayes; emission versus propagation;
he/she don’t; to do (someone’s) bidding
_____________
GLOSSARY
slavery
– the practice of owning people and forcing them to work without pay
* Slavery continues today with people taken against their will, imprisoned, and
forced to work.
to oppose
– to disagree with; to be against something
* Margaritte opposed the airline’s new policy of charging for carry-on luggage so
she stopped flying on that airline.
to secede
– to formally leave a country taking part of its territory and forming a
new country
* There are many reasons a region of a country wants to secede, but the most
common is a disagreement over political issues and political power.
to abolish
– to formally end a system of doing things; to formally repel (end) a
law
* The Civil Rights Act of 1965 abolished segregation laws so that African
Americans and other people of color would have equal rights in the United
States.
to run for office
– to campaign (advertise and promote oneself) and try to get
elected to a political position
* When Javier was running for office, he met voters and talked at public events
so often that he was hardly ever at home with his family.
to nominate
– to formally suggest a person as a candidate for a political election
or office; to suggest someone to take on a certain job or role
* The students nominated Isabelle as their choice for the next student president.
rumor
– information or story that is told to many people that may or may not be
true
* When Kofi heard the rumor going around the office that he was going to quit his
job, he immediately went to his boss to let her know that it was not true.
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these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.
English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 491
corrupt
– having a willingness to be dishonest in return for money or other
benefit
* In the early 1900s, the city of Chicago was famous for its corrupt politicians who
worked closely with crime families.
to uphold
– to maintain and support; to keep and continue doing or using
* Police swear to uphold the law even if it means putting themselves in
dangerous or deadly situations.
to interfere
– to get involved in an activity or situation without being invited to
participate
* Isa tries not to interfere when her children get into arguments, but if they started
hitting each other, she steps in to help them resolve the problem.
intention
– a plan; a goal; what one plans to do
* Wolfgang had the intention of exercising after work, but at the end of the day,
he was so tired he just went home to rest.
to be qualified
– to be properly trained to do a job or task; to have the proper
certification from a school, government agency, or other authority to do a certain
job or task
* Lorenzo is going to school and getting training to be qualified as a surgical
nurse.
emission
– the producing or sending out of something (such as energy or gas)
from a source
* Our instruments can detect any sound emissions from underground.
propagation
– the spreading or transmission of something, such as information,
knowledge, or theory
* The environmental group hoped that its film would help in the propagation of its
ideas to conserve energy.
to do (someone’s) bidding
– to follow someone’s order or request in doing
something
* Ask the boss for a raise yourself. I’m not doing your bidding by talking to her on
your behalf.
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these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.
English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 491
WHAT INSIDERS KNOW
The Easter Egg Roll at the White House
Easter is a Christian holiday held each year on a Sunday usually in March or
April. The holiday celebrates the “resurrection” (becoming alive again after death)
of Jesus Christ. Many activities are held during Easter for children, including the
Easter egg hunt, where children look for hidden decorated chicken eggs, and the
Easter egg roll.
The Easter egg roll, also called “egg rolling,” is a race to see who is the fastest in
pushing an egg through the grass using a long-handled spoon. The goal is to get
the egg to the “finish line” (end of the race) before the other children do.
An Easter egg roll is held each year on the White House “lawn” (large area with
grass) on the Monday following Easter. This traditional game is believed to have
started in 1814 by Dolley Madison, wife of “then” (at that time) president James
Madison. That year, they invited several hundred children to bring their decorated
eggs and to participate in games. Originally, the game was held on the grounds
of the United States “Capitol” (main government building). However, in 1877, a
new lawn was planted on the grounds forcing the games to be cancelled that
year. Congress then passed a law that made it illegal to use the grounds as a
children’s playground. The event was then held, at the request of children,
including the children of then president Rutherford B. Hayes, on the lawns of the
White House.
The Easter egg roll was “abandoned” (forgotten; ended) during the presidency of
Franklin D. Roosevelt, but was “revived” (brought back; brought back to life) by
the “first lady” (wife of the president), Mamie Eisenhower during her husband’s –
President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s – “term” (period of time in an elected job) from
1953 to 1961. The first lady also opened the event to African American children
for the first time. In 2009, President Barack Obama formally invited “non-
traditional families” to the event, including “same-sex couples” (romantic
relationships with two men or two women) and their children.
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These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2014). Posting of
these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.
English as a Second Language Podcast
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ENGLISH CAFÉ – 491
COMPLETE TRANSCRIPT
You’re listening to ESL Podcast’s English Café number 491.
This is English as a Second Language Podcast’s English Café episode 491. I’m
your host, Dr. Jeff McQuillan, coming to you from the Center for Educational
Development in beautiful Los Angeles, California.
Go to our website at ESLPod.com. Become a member of ESL Podcast and
download the Learning Guide, which contains a complete transcript of everything
I say as well as vocabulary lists, culture notes, and lots of other exciting things.
You can also like us on Facebook at facebook.com/eslpod.
On this Café, we’re going to talk about another one of the presidents of the
United States and some history of the United States in the nineteenth century.
We’re going to talk specifically about our nineteenth president, the ever-popular
Rutherford B. Hayes. And, as always, we’ll answer a few of your questions. Let’s
get started.
This Café is all about the nineteenth president of the United States, the one
you’ve probably been waiting for for many months, maybe even years, for us to
talk about. I’m talking of course about Rutherford B. Hayes. Rutherford Birchard
Hayes was born in October 1822 in the state of Ohio. Ohio is in the central-
eastern part of the United States and is a state that has produced several U.S.
presidents.
Sadly, Hayes’s father had died two months before he was born. So, Hayes and
his sister were raised by their mother, Sophia. So already we start with a sad
element in our story, but it will get better. Just wait. In 1842, at the age of 20,
Hayes graduated from a small college in Ohio. He went on, meaning afterwards
he continued studying – this time the law at the finest university at that time in
United States, Harvard University. Harvard University is still considered one of
the best universities – right after the university I graduated from, of course, the
University of Minnesota.
Hayes got his degree from Harvard in law in 1845. When he finished, he went
back to Ohio and began working as a lawyer. At the time, one of the big issues
politically and legally in the United States was slavery. “Slavery” (slavery) is the
practice of owning people, and whenever we talk about nineteenth-century
history, we almost always come back to this big issue. It was the big issue of the
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These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2014). Posting of
these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.
English as a Second Language Podcast
www.eslpod.com
ENGLISH CAFÉ – 491
nineteenth century, of the first years of the American nation, the question of
slavery, of owning people.
Slavery was still common in many of the southern states in the United States, but
it had been outlawed – that is, it had been made illegal in many of the northern
states, states such as Ohio, New York, Illinois, and others. Well, Hayes opposed
slavery. When we say someone “opposes” (opposes) something, we mean he or
she disagrees with it. In this case, Hayes disagreed with the practice of slavery.
He wanted to end it. In fact, he wanted to end it so much that he actually worked
with slaves who were what were called “fugitives.”
A “fugitive” (fugitive) is a person who escapes either from the police or, in this
case, from the slave owners of the South. Some of these slaves would come into
the northern states where slavery was illegal and would try to stay and live there
as free men and women. A “fugitive slave” would be a slave who had escaped
from his or her owner.
There was also a wonderful movie, that had nothing to do with slavery, with
Harrison Ford called The Fugitive (in English it was called The Fugitive). It’s a
great movie. I’ve seen it like 30 times. I mean, I practically could have played the
part myself, quite honestly, I know it so well. But that has nothing to do with our
current topic of Rutherford B. Hayes, even though it might be more interesting.
Rutherford B. Hayes was a lawyer, then, who defended these fugitive slaves –
who tried to prevent them from being sent back to their owners. It was through
his work with fugitive slaves that Hayes got interested in the Republican Party.
The Republican Party was a new political party at that time that was opposed to
slavery also. It was started in the 1850s. One of the most famous early members
of the Republican Party was a man who himself went on to become president,
Abraham Lincoln, perhaps our greatest president.
When, in 1961, the Civil War began, Hayes joined the Union Army. The Civil War
was, of course, that brief but bloody war between the states of the North and the
states of the South which resulted in the northern states – called the Union
States – winning and eventually getting rid of slavery. A civil war in general is
when two different groups in one country fight each other.
In the case of the United States Civil War, the Southern states wanted to keep
slavery, and so they decided that they would secede from the Union, from the
union of states from the United States of America. “To secede” (secede) means
to formally leave a country of which you used to be a member. We’re not talking
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These materials are copyrighted by the Center for Educational Development (2014). Posting of
these materials on another website or distributing them in any way is prohibited.

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