4_Soil Compaction.pdf

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Soil improvement
:
Compaction test
Compaction
Objective
Where & How is compaction used?
Compaction effects & definition
Role of water in compaction
Proctor Test
Typical site specification
Field Compaction Equipment
Factors affecting compaction
Objectives of compaction
Compaction is applied to
improve
the properties of an existing soil
or in the process of placing fill:
increase shear strength
improve bearing capacity & stability of
slopes
increase stiffness
reduce future settlement
decrease voids ratio
reduce permeability, thus reducing
potential frost heave and softening
Where and How is Compaction used?
Compaction is used in the construction of
road bases,
highway
embankments, earth dams and many other engineering
structures.
Soil is placed in layers, typically 75 mm to 450 mm thick. Each
layer is compacted using
rollers, vibrators
or
rammers
to a
specified standard.
4
Compaction Effect
No change in the volume of water
Air-void volume decreases
Compaction increases dry density
r
d
Mass of soil solids
M
s
r
d
�½
�½
Total volume of soil
V
t
Air
Water
Solid
Compaction
Air
Water
Solid

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