World of Knowledge - November 2016.pdf

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CAN YOU SPOT A
PSYCHOPATH
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ISSUE 45 NOVEMBER 2016
$6.95
(INCL. GST) NZ $7.90 (INCL. GST)
AUSTRALIA
WHAT
REALLY
GOES ON AT
KILLER WHALE SPECIAL!
WILD WEATHER FACTS!
How they RULE the
oceans (take that,
Mr Great White!)
The DEADLY physics
of this summer's
bushfires
advertising feature
Tomaree Head
Summit Walk
Tomaree National Park
Ben Boyd National Park
Greencape
Lightstation
Keeper’s Cottages
W
ITH ONE OF THE WORLD’S
great whale
migrations taking place along the NSW
coastline this winter, it’s time to head to
a coastal national park to see the ocean’s
most majestic creature.
National parks make up almost 50 per cent of the NSW
coastline and provide some of the best lookouts, headlands and
foreshores to see whales on their annual migration.
The north coast – from Tweed Heads to Port Stephens – offers
some of the best whale watching in the country. Popular spots
such as Cape Byron State Conservation Area and Tomaree
National Park (NP) are ideal for seeing breaching humpbacks
and southern right whales.
Sydney and its surrounds offer many places for whale watching
and it’s an incredible opportunity to see them migrating past
Australia’s largest city.Top spots can be found in Sydney Harbour,
Ku-ring-gai Chase and Kamay Botany Bay national parks.
The south coast, from Shoalhaven to Batemans Bay and Eden,
is home to several generous stretches of coastal wilderness, with
large numbers of whales making an appearance on their annual
migration. Head to Jervis Bay and Meroo national parks for
fantastic vantage points.
There’s also a range of accommodation in NSW national
parks that offers a unique holiday experience. Stay in a restored
lighthouse cottage perched on a headland. Choose from
spectacular locations including Cape Byron, the wildlife sanctuary
of Montague Island Nature Reserve and Green Cape Lightstation
in Ben Boyd National Park.
For family-friendly coastal cabins and a fun whale-watching
getaway, enjoy a stay at Pretty Beach and Depot Beach, in
Murramarang National Park on the south coast.
Visit
www.wildaboutwhales.com.au
to plan your whale-watching adventure
SPECIAL ACCOMMODATION OFFERS
watching
To make the most out of your whale-
experience, take advantage of great accommodation
deals in NSW national parks, ranging from luxury
lighthouse cottages to coastal cabins.
Visit:
www.wildaboutwhales.com.au
for more information, plus terms and conditions.
JOIN THE WHALE-LOVING COMMUNITY
gs
whale sightin
Stay connected and get the latest
and information:
Website
– for all your whale info, best vantage
points, tips for whale watching and coastal accom-
modation,
visit www.wildaboutwhales.com.au
FREE Mobile App
– download the Wild About
Whales app to see whale sightings and record your
own – just search ‘whales NSW’ in your app store
Facebook
– join the whale-loving community to
stay updated and share photos and experiences at:
www.facebook.com/wildaboutwhales
Twitter –
share your sightings on Twitter with
the @wildaboutwhales community using #whaleon
Warwick Kent.
Humpback breaching off
Ben Boyd National Park
EXPERTS
IN THIS ISSUE
PAUL NICKLEN
Photographer
Nicklen has been documenting the
plight of our planet’s polar
regions for more than 20 years.
He has also been following the
fascinating hunting behaviour
of killer whales.
PAGE
58
MARTIN
SCHEUERMANN
Test pilot
The former military
pilot has spent over
a year of his life high
above the clouds. He
knows better than
anyone what a plane
has to be able to
withstand to be
approved.
PAGE
34
.
NICK CARD
Excavation leader
Archaeologists have come
across traces of a forgotten
civilisation on the Orkney
Islands. So far, only 10% of
the site has been unearthed.
PAGE
40
I
magine all the juicy morsels of knowledge mankind
could have missed out on had British computer scientist
Tim Berners-Lee not woken up one morning in the late-
80s and thought: “Hmm. An internet. Now there’s a thing.”
Alas, we may never have had the chance to experience
360-degree views of the Mars surface on an object that
fits into our pocket. Or learnt that the static you see on
‘dead’ TV screens is leftover radiation from the Big Bang
(my personal greatest ever internet fact). Or discover that
cats were so scared of cucumbers.
The internet distils encyclopedias into your finger tips,
libraries into the palm of your hand. Some estimates put
the internet’s storage capability at 1 million exabytes
(just one exabyte = 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 bytes).
Mind officially boggled.
And so it’s debatable how many of us would have heard
about a mysterious, top-secret American military base
called Area 51 in the absence of the internet. It was in
1989 that a researcher by the name of Bob Lazar walked
into a Las Vegas TV station, claiming he’d worked on
‘reverse-engineering’ extraterrestrial space craft at the
Nevada site – and created the DNA for a conspiracy
theory monster that would eventually run rampant over
YouTube and the murkier plains of the web.
Area 51 sure is an intriguing, heavily guarded place,
one that the CIA only owned up to in 2013. Something
beyond the normal IS going there. This month, we
attempt to discover exactly what…
Vince Jackson, Editor
Follow me on Twitter: @vince_jackson1
3
ON THE
COVER
ON THE
COVER
Secret military
base? Or could the
theories about
Area 51
be true?
Loud, fast and unpredictable:
are a constant menace...
08
20
but how devastating can they be?
34
ON THE
COVER
Test pilots
reveal how safe an
aeroplane really is
40
Does a new discovery mean that
history needs to be rewritten?
58
4
Killer whales
as you’ve never
seen them before!
68
What power do mysterious
proteins
really have?
CONTENTS
NOVEMBER 2016
Why does this
threaten Earth?
NATURE
20
The Secret Laws Of Bush Fires
How a spark becomes an inferno
58
The Mysterious World Of Orcas
What makes killer whales the rulers of the ocean?
8
WORLD EVENTS
What Really Goes On At Area 51
Inside the US military’s top-secret base
What makes this assault rifle so popular with mass killers?
66
AR-15: America’s Nightmare
74
Game Of Drones
How these eyes in the sky are revolutionising Hollywood
HISTORY
40
The Original Stonehenge
What the Ring of Brodgar reveals about our civilisation
30
78
Psychopaths Of World History
How to recognise them – and what makes them so dangerous
THE HUMAN BODY AND MIND
50
Help! I’m Bleeding
Experts explain what to do when blood starts flowing…
68
How Much Dark Matter Is In My Body?
The secret chemistry of proteins
TECHNOLOGY
34
What Can My Holiday Flight Withstand?
Test pilots: pushing planes beyond their limits
54
Is Dubai’s Wonder Of The World Broken Beyond
Repair?
The Palm Islands
in Dubai: the bigger
the project,
the more
How the Gulf emirate has frittered away $10 billion
SCIENCE
30
Planet Nine: How Could We Miss It?
The terrifying powers of Planet Nine revealed
54
ON THE
COVER
there are!
REGULARS
3
Experts In This Issue
Professional people offering their insights this month
6
Amazing Photo
A fascinating photo – and the story behind it
90
Questions And Answers
Amazing facts from science, technology and everyday life
96
And Finally
Think you’ve got it tough? Try being a puffin…
98
Letters
Your views and questions aired
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78
Napoleon, Kennedy, Putin:
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