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VESA
®
Phone: (408) 957-9270
FAX: (408) 957-9277
Video Electronics Standards Association
920 Hillview Court
Milpitas, CA 95035
VESA BIOS EXTENSION (VBE)
Core Functions
Standard
Version: 3.0
Date:
September 16, 1998
Purpose
To standardize a modular, software interface to display and audio devices. The VBE interface is
intended to simplify and encourage the development of applications that wish to use graphics,
video, and audio devices without specific knowledge of the internal operation of the evolving
target hardware.
Summary
The VBE standard defines a set of extensions to the VGA ROM BIOS services. These functions
can be accessed under DOS through interrupt 10h, or be called directly by high performance 32-
bit applications and operating systems other than DOS.
These extensions also provide a hardware-independent mechanism to obtain vendor information,
and serve as an extensible foundation for OEMs and VESA to facilitate rapid software support of
emerging hardware technology without sacrificing backwards compatibility.
This page is intentionally blank.
Page ii
VBE CORE FUNCTIONS VERSION 3.0
Intellectual Property
Copyright © 1993-1998 - Video Electronics Standards Association. All rights reserved.
While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this standard, the Video Electronics
Standards Association and its contributors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, and
make no warranties, expressed or implied, of functionality or suitability for any purpose.
The sample code contained within this standard may be used without restriction.
Trademarks
All trademarks used in this document are property of their respective owners.
•
•
•
•
•
VESA, VBE, VESA DDC, VBE/AI, VBE/PM, and VBE/DDC are trademarks of Video
Electronics Standards Association.
MS-DOS and Windows are trademarks of Microsoft , Inc.
IBM, VGA, EGA, CGA, and MDA are trademarks of International Business Machines
RAMDAC is a trademark of Brooktree Corp.
Hercules is a trademark of Hercules Computer Technology, Inc.
Patents
VESA proposal and standards documents are adopted by the Video Electronics Standards
Association without regard to whether their adoption may involve patents on articles, materials,
or processes. Such adoption does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it
assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the proposal or standards document.
Support for this Specification
Clarifications and application notes to support this standard will be published as the need arises.
To obtain the latest standard and support documentation, contact VESA.
If you have a product which incorporates VBE, you should ask the company that manufactured
your product for assistance. If you are a display or controller manufacturer, VESA can assist you
with any clarification you may require. All comments or reported errors should be submitted in
writing to VESA, to the attention of Technical Support, using one of the following mechanisms:
World Wide Web:
E-mail:
Fax:
Voice:
www.vesa.org
support@vesa.org
408-957-9277
408-957-9270
Mail to:
Video Electronics Standards Association
920 Hillview Court, Suite 140
Milpitas, CA 95035
VBE CORE FUNCTIONS VERSION 3.0
Page iii
SSC VBE/Core Workgroup Members
Any industry standard requires input from many sources. The people listed below were members
of the VBE/Core Workgroup of the Software Standards Committee (SSC) which was responsible
for combining all of the industry input into this standard:
CHAIRMAN
Charimain, David Penley, Cirrus Logic, Inc.
past chairnam, Kevin Gillett, S-MOS Systems, Inc.,
past chairman, Rod Dewell , Excalibur Solutions
MEMBERS
Jatinder Pancar, Alliance Seminconductor
Armond Bruno, BrookTree Corporation
Rebecca Nolan, Chips and Technologies, Inc.
Andy Sobczyk, Cirrus Logic, Inc.
Brad Haakenson, Cirrus Logic, Inc.
Adrian Luff, Forte Technologies, Inc.
Steven McGowen, Intel Corporation
Jake Richter, Jon Peddie and Associates
Matt Russo, Matrox Graphics, Inc.
Todd Laney, Microsoft Corporation
Thomas Block, Number Nine Visual Technology Corporation
Mark Krueger, NVidia Corporation
Dwight Diericks, NVidia Corporation
Rex Wolfe, Phillips Semiconductor
Raluca Iovan, Phoenix Technologies Ltd.
Tim Crawford, Rendition, Inc.
Kendall Bennett, SciTech Software, Inc
Tom Ryan, SciTech Software, Inc
Don Pannell, Sierra Semiconductor
George Bystricky, S-MOS Systems, Inc.
David Milici, StereoGraphics Corporation
Tony Lin, Trident Microsystems, Inc.
Mitch Paris, Tseng Labs, Inc.
Joe Israel, Tseng Labs, Inc.
Chris Tsang, ULSI Systems
Danny Halamish, VideoLogic, Inc..
Gregory Hamlin, VRex, Inc.
Thomas Roell, X Inside Inc.
Page iv
VBE CORE FUNCTIONS VERSION 3.0
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................................ 1
S
COPE OF THE
VBE S
TANDARD
........................................................................................................................... 1
B
ACKGROUNDER
................................................................................................................................................ 3
VBE OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................................ 5
VBE F
EATURES
................................................................................................................................................. 5
VBE A
FFECTED
D
EVICES
................................................................................................................................... 5
P
ROVIDING
V
ENDOR
I
NFORMATION
..................................................................................................................... 5
PROGRAMMING WITH VBE/CORE .............................................................................................................. 6
A
CCESSING
L
INEAR
F
RAMEBUFFER
M
EMORY
....................................................................................................... 6
U
SING
R
EFRESH
R
ATE
C
ONTROL
......................................................................................................................... 6
Using VBE/DDC to obtain monitor operational limits .................................................................................. 7
Using VM/GTF to compute CRTC values...................................................................................................... 8
Computing the normalized pixel clock .......................................................................................................... 8
Setting double scan modes............................................................................................................................ 8
Setting Interlaced Modes .............................................................................................................................. 8
U
SING
H
ARDWARE
T
RIPLE
B
UFFERING
................................................................................................................ 9
U
SING
S
TEREOSCOPIC
L
IQUID
C
RYSTAL
S
HUTTER
G
LASSES
.................................................................................. 9
Automatic hardware display start address swapping (Method 1) ................................................................. 10
Automatic hardware display start address swapping (Method 2) ................................................................. 11
Software driven display start address swapping .......................................................................................... 12
Refresh rates and stereoscopic imaging ...................................................................................................... 12
Left/right image synchronization ................................................................................................................ 13
D
EVELOPING FOR
M
AXIMUM
C
OMPATIBILITY
.................................................................................................... 13
Be prepared for different Window Granularity’s......................................................................................... 13
Be prepared for both single and dual read/write Windows .......................................................................... 14
Be prepared to support both 15 and 16 bits per pixel high color modes ...................................................... 14
Be prepared to support both 24 and 32 bits per pixel true color modes....................................................... 14
Some controllers can’t do double scanned modes ....................................................................................... 14
Check if VGA Compatible Before Touching Any VGA Registers ................................................................. 15
Check if VGA Compatible Before Directly Programming the DAC ............................................................. 15
VBE FUNCTION REFERENCE....................................................................................................................... 17
VBE R
ETURN
S
TATUS
...................................................................................................................................... 17
VBE M
ODE
N
UMBERS
...................................................................................................................................... 18
VBE F
AR
P
OINTERS
......................................................................................................................................... 20
O
BTAINING THE
P
ROTECTED
M
ODE
E
NTRY
P
OINT
............................................................................................. 21
C
ALLING THE
P
ROTECTED
M
ODE
E
NTRY
P
OINT
................................................................................................. 23
P
ROTECTED
M
ODE
E
NTRY
P
OINT
F
UNCTIONAL
R
ESTRICTIONS
........................................................................... 24
F
UNCTION
00
H
- R
ETURN
VBE C
ONTROLLER
I
NFORMATION
.............................................................................. 25
F
UNCTION
01
H
- R
ETURN
VBE M
ODE
I
NFORMATION
......................................................................................... 30
F
UNCTION
02
H
- S
ET
VBE M
ODE
..................................................................................................................... 40
F
UNCTION
03
H
- R
ETURN
C
URRENT
VBE M
ODE
................................................................................................ 44
F
UNCTION
04
H
- S
AVE
/R
ESTORE
S
TATE
............................................................................................................ 45
F
UNCTION
05
H
- D
ISPLAY
W
INDOW
C
ONTROL
................................................................................................... 46
F
UNCTION
06
H
- S
ET
/G
ET
L
OGICAL
S
CAN
L
INE
L
ENGTH
.................................................................................... 48
VBE CORE FUNCTIONS VERSION 3.0
Page v

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