SC_05_2008_dspic_pic_programmer.pdf

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Mauro Grassi)

This low-cost unit can program all dsPIC30F series

microcontrollers in the DIP package, along with most PIC

microcontrollers. It's easy to build and uses standard parts.

ICS ARE NOW ONE of the most

widely used microcontrollers. Like

all micros, they greatly simplify many

electronic designs, are reconfigurable

in the field and allow projects that

would be unwieldy or overly com

plex without them. In addition, extra

features can often be added retrospec

tively to the firmware.

Although the PIC family of micro

controllers is well known (we have

published many projects that employ

PICs), Microchip also manufactures

the lesser-known dsPIC30F series of

microcontrollers.

These are microcontrollers with

similar peripherals to those found

on standard PICs but which have an

enhanced instruction set augmented

with DSP (digital signal processing)

type operations. They are 16-bit mi

crocontrollers and are surprisingly

powerful, running at speeds in the

tens of MIPs (millions of instructions

per second).

SILICON CHIP

Dedicated single-cycle DSP opera

tions like MAC (multiply and accumu

late) allow them to perform real-time

signal processing using multiple 40-bit

accumulators. They also incorporate

hardware multiplication and division

and have surprisingly fast ADC acqui

sition modes. These features make

them well-suited to many digital signal

processing applications.

One such device, the dsPIC30F4011,

will feature in a new digital Musicol

our lightshow project to be published

soon in SILICON CHIP. This particular

device can perform a real-time FFT

(Fast Fourier Transform) on audio

band signals with ADC acquisition

modes that can operate at up to IMS/s

million samples per second).

runs

at close to 30MIPs and has 48kB of

program memory.

most older PIC programmers cannot

program them. This is due to incom

patibilities with the pin-outs of the

dsPIC family.

As a result, we have designed

this simple, low-cost dsPIC and PIC

programmer.

can program all the

dsPIC30F family of microcontrollers

that are available in a DIP package, as

well as almost all regular PICs.

uses

freely-available software (for the PC)

and is easy to build.

By the way,

you have ever wanted

to experiment with DSPs (digital signal

processors), the dsPIC30F series is a

good starting point. Microchip offers

a lot of documentation and source

code for free on their website

www,

microchip.com.

Programming procedure

Our new programmer is based on

the original COM84 style programmer

- so named because it was designed to

program 16F84 microprocessors from

si/iconchip.com.au

Programming them

The dsPIC30F series of micro

controllers are extremely useful but

a serial port. There are really three

lines which are necessary to program

most PICs and microcontrollers in

the dsPIC30F family: CLOCK (PGC),

DATA (PGD) and Vpp (programming

voltage).

Incidentally, the dsPIC30F family

has two programming modes - en

hanced and standard. The enhanced

mode is faster and requires a program

ming executive or "bootloader" to be

programmed in first. However, this

programmer uses only the slower

ICSP mode that is standard across the

PIC family (ICSP

In-Circuit Serial

Programming) .

you are interested in the details of

the ICSP protocol. refer to the Micro

chip website at www.microchip.com

(look for the "memory programming

specifications ").

Programming mode is entered by

raising Vpp up to around 13V. Data

is then programmed into the micro

controller by serially shifting com

mands and data using the PGC and

PGD lines.

The PGC line synchronises the ex

change of serial bits, while the PGD

line contains the data. The PGD line

is bidirectional, allowing reading and

writing of the microcontroller.

For example, there is a command

code for "Erase" which will erase the

flash memory of the microcontroller.

There are also commands for "Writ

ing" and "Reading" pages, etc. As

soon as the microcontroller enters

programming mode, it starts listening

for commands.

Features

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

Will program all dsPIC30F series microcontrollers in the DIP package

Will program most PICs in DIP package

Uses PC freeware WinPIC for Windows

Connects to the serial (RS232) port of a PC

Very low cost

Minimum Supported Devices

('others

may also work)

10F series

10F200/202/204/206 (E) (*)

12F series

12F508/509 (E)

12F609/615 (E)

12F629/675 (E) (*)

12F635/636/639 (E)

12F683 (E)

16F series

16F610/616 (E)

16F627/627A/628/628A (*)

6F630/631/636/639/676/677/684/685/687/688/689 (E)

16F648/648A

16F716

16F731737174176177

16F818/819

16F84/84A/87/88 (*)

16F870/871/872

16F873/873A/874/874A/876/876A/877/877A (*)

16F913/914/916/917

18F series

18F2220/2320/4220/4320

18F2331/2431/4331/4431

18F2420/2520/4420/4520

18F2450/4450

18F2455/2550/4455/4550 (*)

18F2480/2580/4480/4580

18F2525/26204525/4620

18F2439/2539/4439/4539

18F242/252/442/452/

18F2585/4585/2680/4680

18F248/258/448/458

18F2682/2685/4682/4685

(*)

dsPIC30F series

dsPIC30F2010 (*)

dsPIC30F2011/3012 (*)

dsPIC30F2012/3013 (*)

dsPIC30F3010 (*)

dsPIC30F3011 (*)

dsPIC30F3014/4013 (*)

dsPIC30F4011 (*)

dsPIC30F4012 (*)

Circuit details

To successfully program a PIC or

dsPIC series microcontroller, we must

be able to control the PGC, PGD and

VPP lines in the correct fashion. The

SILICON CHIP dsPIC/PIC Programmer

achieves this by giving control of

these lines to the software running on

a Pc. This software program is called

"WinPIC". and it makes sure that the

correct procedure is followed for a

particular device.

Fig.1 shows the circuit details. As

can be seen, the dsPIC/PIC Program

mer has two distinct supply rails (+5V

+13.6V) and these are derived from

the DC supply rail using two 3-termi

nal regulators (REG1

REG2). S1 is the

power on/off switch, LED1 provides

power indication and diode D1 pro

vides reverse polarity protection.

REG2 is an LM317T variable voltage

siliconchip.com.au

tested

passed. (E)

requires external connection or adaptor socket.

voltage to: V

1.25 x (1+ R2/R1). Note,

however, that slight manufacturing

variations mean that the 1.25 factor

can be anywhere between 1.2 and 1.3

in actual practice.

In this case, R1

R2 have been se

lected so that REG2 regulates its output

to 13.6V in typical conditions. This

provides the MCLR-barlVpp voltage

for the microcontroller which should

MAY 2008

regulator. Its output is determined by

the bias applied to its AD] terminal,

as determined by the voltage divider

formed by the 120Q resistor and the

series 1.1kQ

82Q resistors.

R1 is the resistance between

the OUT and AD] terminals (120Q

in our case) and R2 is the resistance

between AD] and GND (1182Q), then

the LM317T will regulate its output

1 PC board, code 07105081,

122 x 120mm

1 adaptor PC board, code

07105083,52 x 19mm

1 16V 400mA DC plugpack

1 SPOT right-angle PC-mount

toggle switch (S1)

1 PC-mount 2.5mm DC socket

(CON1)

1 OB9 female right-angle socket

(CON2)

1 0lP14 IC socket

1 0lP16 IC socket

2 0lP40 ZIF sockets

2 jumper shunts

1 8-pin OIL header with 2.54mm

spacing

1 6-pin OIL header with 2.54mm

spacing

1 500mm length of 0.7mm tinned

copper wire

4 M3 x 6mm screws

2 M3 nuts

2 M3 x 10mm screws

4 9mm long M3 tapped spacers

Semiconductors

1 MAX232A RS232 line driver

receiver (IC1)

1 74LS04 hex inverter (IC2)

1 BC337 NPN transistor (01)

1 BC327 PNP transistor (02)

1 7805 5V regulator (REG 1)

1 LM317T regulator (REG2)

3 1N4004 diodes (01-03)

1 red 3mm LED (LE01)

Capacitors

1 10llF 16V electrolytic

7 11lF 16V electrolytic

2 100nF monolithic (code 100n

or 104)

2 22pF ceramic

Resistors (O.25W, 1%)

62.2k11

8211

1 1.1k11

1 12011

33911

ideally be between 12.8V and 13.1Y.

However, anything from 13.4V to

13.8V is actually OK at REG2's output,

since this is fed through transistor

switch Q2 and series diode D2 before

being applied to the MCLR-barlVpp

(master clear/programming voltage)

pin of the microcontroller to be pro

grammed.

In operation, the regulated 13.6V

rail from REG2 is switched on and off

SILICON

CHIP

by PNP transistor Q2 which in turn is

switched on and offby NPN transistor

Q1. When pin 3 (Tx) of the serial port

is high, it will switch Ql on, in turn

switching Q2 on and applying around

13V to the MCLR-barlVpp pin on the

microcontroller to be programmed.

Conversely, when pin 3 of the serial

port is low, Ql will be off and therefore

Q2 will also be off. In this case, the

2.2k11 resistor on D2's cathode will

pull the MCLR-barlVpp pin low.

Basically, on a PIC or dsPIC micro

controller, the MCLR-bar/Vpp pin acts

either as a Reset (oV) or a programming

voltage pin (around 13V for PICs or

between 9V and 13V for a dsPIC30F

series microcontroller). When MCLR

bar/Vpp is low, the microcontroller is

in the Reset state (meaning that all its

configurable pins are high impedance

inputs). When it is high (around VDD

+SV). the microcontroller runs in

program mode and if it is at Vpp the

microcontroller will enter program

ming mode.

It was a deliberate design decision

to switch the MCLR-barlVpp line be

tween OV and Vpp rather than between

VDD and Vpp. This was done to avoid

possible damage to the microcontroller

being programmed.

explain, if the MCLR-barlVpp

line were switched between VDD and

Vpp, the program would run on the

microcontroller when programming

finishes.

that program were to dri ve

the output pins (as digital outputs or

as peripheral outputs), it could cause

excessive currents to flow and damage

the output stages of those pins.

That's because the ZIF sockets have

many power connections to accom

modate different PICs and dsPICs (+SV

and GND). As a result, some of the

microcontroller's output pins could

be shorted to +SV or to ground if the

program were to run.

For this reason, the Vpp pin is

switched from OV to 13V so that the

microcontroller is never in the run

ning mode.

Ofcourse, if you were to incorporate

this programmer onto a PC board that

catered for ICSP (in-circuit-serial-pro

gramming) then you would have this

line switch from VD D(+SV) to 13Vand

the reset would occur on any transition

from 13V down to sY. Refer to the sec

tion entitled "External Programming

Using CON3") for more details.

Note that some PIC microcontrollers

can be configured to disable the Reset

.function of the MCLR-barlVpp pin, al

lowing it to be used for an alternative

(multiplexed) function. This should be

avoided when using this programmer

with a dsPIC or PIC plugged into a ZIF

socket, for the reasons outlined above

(this does not apply when using CON3

to program an external device).

Regulator REGI is used to derive

the +SV rail and this is used to power

ICl, IC2 and the microcontroller being

programmed. This +SV rail is bypassed

using 10llF, 11lF and 100nF capacitors,

while a 11lF capacitor also bypasses

REGl's input.

Control lines

The relevant lines used in the RS

232 serial interface to control the

dsPIC/PIC Programmer are derived

from pins 3,4, S, 7

Pin S is the ground connection while

pins 3, 4

7 (respectivelyTx, DTR and

RTS) are outputs from the serial port.

In particular, pins 4

7 are digital

outputs, while pin 3 is usually the

Transmit line of the serial port. These

are controlled by the WinPIC software

on the PC as appropriate.

Finally, pin 8 (CTS) is an input pin

and this is used to read data from the

microcontroller, as required to verify

or read the state of the memory.

ICI is a MAX232 RS-232 line driver

receiver. Its job is to translate between

the RS-232 voltage levels (ie, :t:l0V)

at the serial port and the TTL levels

(O-SV) used by the microcontroller. As

mentioned, pins

7 of the serial port

are standard digital outputs and these

are connected directly to ICI.

In operation, the MAX232 actually

inverts the levels and so its outputs at

pins 9

12 are fed to inverter IC2a

IC2f (part of a 74LS04 hex inverter) to

invert them back again.

Pin 7 of the serial port controls the

PGC (CLOCK) line and is applied to

the microcontroller via ICl, IC2a and

a 3911 resistor (to limit the current). In

addition, a 22pF ceramic capacitor is

used to filter any high-frequency noise

on this line.

Pin 4 controls the PGD line (DATA)

output. When it goes low, so does

the pin 12 output of inverter IC2f.

Diode D3 allows a low level from

IC2f to drive the PGD line but blocks

high-level signals from IC2f. A 2.2k11

pull-up resistor is used instead to pull

this line high. This allows the WinPIC

software to read the PGD line from the

microcontroller via pin 8 of the serial

siliconchip.com.au

port (ie, after sending pin 4 of the se

rial port high].

So the PGD line is actually "bi-di

rectional" and is used as an output

when writing to the microcontroller

and as an input when reading from

the microcontroller.

Note that, as with the

PCC

line, the

PGD line is fed via a 390 resistor and is

filtered using a 22pF ceramic capacitor

to reduce spurious noise.

Two ZIF (zero insertion force] sock

ets are used to accept the microcontrol

ler to be programmed. ZIF SKT1 is

used for dsPIC30F series microcontrol

lers and they should always be aligned

with their pin 1 going to pin 1 of the

ZIF socket.

Alternati vely, ZIF SKT2 should be

used for programming standard PICs

like the 16F88. As before, pin 1 of the

microcontroller goes to pin 1 of the

ZIF socket.

Note, however, that the 10F and 12F

series ofPICs are not compatible with

the onboard ZIF socket. These must be

programmed via an external adaptor

board, as described later, or by using

CON3 and a breadboard.

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External programming

CON3 is a 6-pin header and its pin

out is arranged as shown in Table

can be used to access the five relevant

lines required to program both PICs

and dsPICs externally (see the section

entitled "External Programming Using

CON3" below].

For example, if your PIC is not

actually compatible with the pin

ning of ZIF SKT2 (eg, if you have a

PIC10F202), then you may use this

connector to access the relevant lines.

These lines can be connected to, say,

a breadboard, to program your PIC off

the PC board. Of course, you can also

use this connector to program micro

controllers in circuit as well.

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Jumper settings

Finally, there is an 8-pin header

which accepts jumper shunts JP1-JP4.

However, only two of the four posi

tions should ever be shorted at any

one time. Table 2 shows the jumper

functions.

In practice, you must set these ac

cording to the microcontroller being

programmed. Either JP1 or }P2 (but

not both] must be shorted according

to the type of dsPIC being programmed

in ZIF SKTl, while JP3 or JP4 (but

not both] must be shorted according

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to the type of PIC being programmed

in ZIF SKT2.

IfJPl is shorted, it connects the PGC

line to pin 8 of ZIF SKTl. This caters

Description

MCLR-barNpp

-----

GND

+5V rail (Voo)

PGC

----

PGD

for some dsPIC30Fxxxx micro con

trollers that require the programming

clock on pin 8. Alternatively, if JP2 is

shorted,

connects pin 8 of ZIF SKTI

to ground and this caters for the rest of

the dsPIC30Fxxxx family that require

a ground corinectionat pin 8.

JP3 and

JP4

select which pin the

MCLR-bar/V

programming line is

connected to on ZIF SKT2. If JP3 is

shorted,

connects the programming

line to pin 4 ofZIF SKT2 and this suits

micro controllers such as the popular

16F88. Alternatively, some microcon

trollers require the programming volt

age to be applied to pin 1 and this is

selected by installing JP4 instead.

Warning: it is quite possible to

damage a microcontroller installed

in either ZIF socket by incorrectly

setting jumpers JP1-JP4, so check

Tables 2

4 carefully before insert

ing a microcontroller into its socket

and applying power. However, a more

likely outcome is that you will not

damage the microcontroller (as they

usually have protection diodes) but the

programming will not be successful.

In summary, you must install ei

ther JPl or JP2 (but NOT both) when

programming a dsPIC and either JP3

or JP4 (but NOT both) when program

ming a PIC.

Jumper Number

Description

Short to make

p-in

8 of

ZIF

SKT1 the PGC

p-in

Short to make

8 of

ZIF

SKT1

GND

Short to make

4 of

ZIF

SKT2 the IMCLRN_P_P-"--_----'

Short to make

1 of

ZIF

SKT2 the IMCLRNPP

External Programming

Using CON3

The 6-pin header CON3 can be used

to program a PIC or dsPIC that's either

mounted in-circuit on a separate board

or installed on a breadboard. For exam

ple, this is one way of programming a

PIC microcontroller that doesn't have

siliconchip. com.au

JP1

JP2

JP3

JP4

--~r---

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