Modelling the Human Female Head and Face using NURBS - J.R.Saltzman, S.H.Stahlberg.pdf

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Supermodels Professional 3D Training Tools:
Modelling the Human Female Head and Face using NURBS
with
Rhinoceros®
written by
Joseph Richard Saltzman
....and....Steven
Hägg-Ståhlberg
Skill Level: Beginner - Intermediate.
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Published by Cinemagic Productions Limited., 1999.
P.O. Box 918
Iver
SLO OJL
Buckinghamshire, England.
Published in Great Britain
Copyright © Cinemagic Productions Limited, 1998-99
The moral right of the authors has been asserted.
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All Rights Reserved. Without limiting the rights under copyright reserved above, no part of this
publication may be reproduced, or transmitted by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise) currently in existence or hereinafter devised without the prior written
permission of both the copyright owner and the and above named publisher.
A copy of this e-book has been deposited with the British Library.
ISBN 0 9536456 0 6
This e-book may be ordered by post direct from the publisher.
Tel: +44 (0)1753-733-190
Fax: +44 (0)1753-736-619
Email: cmagic@cmagic.co.uk
Internet: http://www.cmagic.co.uk
Rhinoceros® is a registered trademark and Rhino is a trademark of Robert McNeel & Associates.
Supermodels Professional 3D Training Tools and Rhinette are trademarks of Cinemagic Productions
Limited.
Other trademarked names do appear throughout this publication. Rather than to list the names and
entities that own each of the trademarks or insert a trademark symbol with each mention of the
trademarked name, the publisher states that it is using the names for editorial purposes only and to the
benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringing upon that trademark. This document is
supplied as an educational guide and intended for informational and instructional purposes.
Reasonable care has been taken in preparing the information it contains. However, this document may
contain omissions, technical inaccuracies, or typographical errors. Cinemagic Productions Limited
does not accept responsibility of any kind for customer's losses due to the use of this document.
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Dedication
To my loving wife Sarah and daughter Emily Anne, the two most treasured people in my life.
Acknowledgements
Very special thanks to my colleague and co-author Steven H. Stahlberg simply one of the finest artists
and mentors I know of and without whom this project would have never been possible.
I extend most most sincere and heartfelt appreciation to: Helen, Sally and Edward who's love, support
and unfaltering willingness to help always made this project become a reality -- I cannot begin to
thank you enough.
To everyone at Robert McNeel and Associates for creating Rhinoceros, the best 3D modelling
application in the universe and especially to Bob McNeel, Michael Gibson and Mikko Oksanen.
And lastly to everyone who's stood in our way -- a bouquet of barbed wire...
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Introduction
The aim of this tutorial is to teach nearly anyone with the desire to learn how to create a realistic
human female head using a NURBS based modeller. In this case, the NURBS based modeller that
we've decided to base this e-book on is Rhinoceros. Although we've based our lessons on Rhinoceros
(because it's our favourite at Cinemagic) the fact is that the methods and techniques shown here are
widely applicable to other software packages too, including but not limited to: Maya, Softimage, 3D
Studio MAX, etc. For this reason, we've tried to keep things as basic as possible (tool wise) and have
done our level best to avoid using fancy widgets and gizmos that might not be widely available in
other packages.
The reality is that you don't need software with a bunch of bells and whistles to create great looking
heads or other organic forms. Rhinoceros provides exactly what is needed, good honest software tools
that perform the job that they set out to -- admirably!
If you're already using Rhinoceros then you know it's about the most powerful, user friendly and
stable NURBS modelling software for the Windows platform this side of the Centari system.
If you're not using Rhinoceros, then seriously what are you waiting for?
In our view, it's probably one of the best, most well written pieces of graphics software that we've
ever had the pleasure of using. Oh, and just in case you think that software that currently sells for less
than US$1000 couldn't be any good, then I've got some news for you! We use software here at the
studio daily that costs more than 15 times the price of Rhinoceros -- does it work any better than
Rhino? Certainly not!
Rhinoceros IS amazing software -- if you try it, you'll buy it!
Put simply, by using the robust toolset and many features found within Rhinoceros it is possible to
create nearly any form organic or mechanical that you can imagine -- impressive?
We think so!
Why Rhinoceros?
Here at Cinemagic we first became acquainted with Rhinoceros like many others did when several
years ago an open beta testing program was conducted by the manufacturers of the product, Robert
McNeel and Associates located in Seattle, Washington, USA. Prior to this, we had been creating most
of our models here at Cinemagic using primarily polygonal methods. It's not that we think that there is
anything wrong with polygonal modelling (in fact we still rather like polygons--polygons can do very
good things) we nevertheless were interested in exploring NURBS based technology further and some
of the advantages that it might offer us in terms of character modelling for animation. Even though
some of the high-end applications that we already had in house did offer NURBS modelling to some
degree already, the toolsets were rather limited in scope in comparison to what Rhinoceros offered
straight out of the box at a mere fraction of the cost.
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Naturally, this situation didn't leave too many options open for us. The choice for us was to either
make a substantial investment in yet another high-end software package or go with Rhinoceros. In the
end, we decided to go with Rhino and we've never looked back, it's was the best purchase we ever
made.
I freely admit that when we first used Rhinoceros I wasn't all that keen on it. Of course, that had
something to do with it being a very early beta version and in those days it looked and felt awful lot
like AutoCAD (at least I thought it did). I can remember tying to work with it at the time and finding
it rather difficult. Now looking back, this had little or perhaps nothing to do with Rhinoceros per se,
and was essentially a result of my mind set still being locked into thinking in terms of polygons, not
NURBS. Shortly after, I spent a great many hours on the Rhinoceros mailing list, asking questions of
everyone, looking for guidance and basically just trying to get my head around trying to work
effectively with the application. Then one day, as if by magic it just "clicked" and I realised that it
wasn't Rhino that was making life more difficult, it was ME!
Soon after, I began to use Rhino nearly every day within our production work and absolutely grew to
love it. Time progressed, the user interface was even further improved by its makers and the
functionality refined into what we see today, simply one of the best modelling tools available
anywhere at any price. Rhinoceros has become an integral part of our business, now we couldn't
dream of doing without it!
Rhinoceros has so many great tools built right in that it's quite possible for the new user to feel a bit
overwhelmed by it all, I know I did at first! The thing is, Rhinoceros does everything you can imagine
and then just a bit more. However, don't let it's ease of use fool you, this is certainly no toy, it's a
precision application that makes use of some serious rocket science behind the scenes. In our view,
Rhinoceros will easily go head to head with the very best software modelling tools available.
Best of all, Rhino is not only powerful, it's easy and fun to use too! In fact, we've noticed that it is so
easy to use that those just starting out with it often tend to make things more difficult than they really
need be! So, as you work through the remainder of this tutorial keep in mind that just because
Rhinoceros has abundance of tools that doesn't mean you HAVE to use them all -- not at once
anyway.
The golden rule of working with NURBS:
Keep everything as simple as possible at all times!
Always remember this and you can't go too far wrong.
As you continue to use and create models with Rhino you will increasingly find that certain tools and
functions will become your favourites. Off the top of my head I think it's fair to say that we use about
20 or 30 commands with regularity but only 5 or 10 on a daily basis when creating organic character
based models. We don't worry about the rest of them, we know they are there if we need them but if
not, well, you really don't need to concern yourself.
Remember you don't need to know what every part in a car does in order to be an excellent driver. Of
course, knowing what's under the bonnet can only be of benefit, but it's certainly not a requirement by
any means.
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