The Great Patriotic War Russian Version of WWII - Graham Lyons.pdf

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RUSSIAN \TERSION
of the
The
SECOND WORLD WAR
The History of the War
as Taught to Soviet Schoolchildren
Edited
by
Graham
Lyons
Translated
by
Marjorie Vanston
Facts On File
Publications
New York
The Russian Version of
the Second World War
Copyright
©
Graham Lyons 1976
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the Publisher.
First published in the United Kingdom in 1976.
Published in the United States of America by Facts On File, Inc.
460 Park Avenue South, New York, N.Y. 10016
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
The Russian version of the Second World War.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
\. World War, 1939-1945. 2. World War, 1939-1945-Study and
teaching-Soviet Union.
I.
Lyons, Graham, 1936-
J.l)743.R87 1983
940.53
82-24236
ISBN 0-87196-136-9
Printed in the United States of America
10
9
8
7
6
5 4
3
2
CONTENTS
Foreword
Introduction
I
II
III
IV
International Relations on the Eve of the
Second World War
The Start of the Second Wodd War
The Preparation for War Against the USSR
The Soviet Economy and the State of the
Armed Forces on the Eve of the Great
Patriotic War
The Start of the Great Patriotic War
The War in the Pacific
The Creation of the Anti-Fascist Coalition
The North Mrican Campaign
Stalingrad
The Resistance Movements in the Occupied
Countries
Soviet Victories in 1943
Military and Political Events Outside the
Soviet-German Front: 1943
The Year of Decisive Victories
The Final Defeat of Fascist Germany
The Surrender ofJapan and the Results of the
Second World War
APPENDIX
A
Xl
Xlll
1
11
18
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
21
25
40
42
45
48
55
59
64
67
78
84
B
c
Introduction
Negotiations between Britain, France and the
Soviet Union. The Stalin-Hitler Pact
The Soviet-Finnish War, 1940-41
The Warsaw Uprising
Index
A section of photographs follows p.
rJ
62
89
91
105
125
139
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Firstly I must acknowledge the great debt which lowe to
Marjorie Vanston who not only translated all the main text
but much other material, a study of which was essential to
the construction of the book. I must also thank the Society
of Cultural Relations with the USSR for the use of their
library.
Since the books from which my own text has been
assembled were published before 1973 when the USSR
became a signatory to the International Copyright Con-
vention, there is no copyright on the use of the original
texts. Nevertheless I must express my gratitude to the
original authors without whom this book would never have
existed.
rna
FOREWORD
BY PROFESSOR BRIAN HOLMES
Professor
of
Edueation
D,partmmt
of
Comparatiw Education/ UniwrsifY
of
LAndon Institute
of
Edueation
The ease with which this book can be read should not
disguise the seriousness of the compiler's purpose which is
to show how the Second World War and some of the events
leading up to it are presented to young people in the Soviet
Union in their schools. If, to Western scholars and indeed· to
the layman, the interpretation of events seems oversimplified
it should be remembered that versions of the war offered to
pupils in Britain and the USA are likely to be slanted in
another direction. Historical accounts of traumatic events
are bound to include nationalistic sentiments. One way to
ameliorate the harm this creates is to present to impression-
able youngsters more than one account of events which
destroyed the world of their parents and transformed their
own lives.
For British parents the campaigns in France, North
Mrica and Burma probably loom large in their memory of
the Second World War. For Americans the war in the Pacific
and the invasion of occupied France perhaps occupy major
positions. For the generation in the USSR who lived through
and survived the invasion of their country, the sieges of
Leningrad and Stalingrad and the defence of Moscow, the
war on the Eastern Front is naturally regarded as being most
significant in the defeat of the Nazi Forces. Understandably,
however scholarly historians present their cases, teachers and
parents pass on the folk-lore of hardships suffered and final
triumphs enjoyed. Attempts to build up international
understanding which pay no heed to this kind of background
have little chance of success.

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