A Microscale Approach to Organic Laboratory Techniques.pdf

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METRIC
1
2
Common Organic Solvents
3
Solvent
Boiling Point (°C)
118
140
56
80
77
61
81
153
189
78
35
77
98
69
60–90
65
40
36
30–60
98
82
115
65
111
137–144
Density (g/mL)
1.05
1.08
0.79
0.88
1.59
1.48
0.78
0.94
1.10
0.80
0.71
0.90
0.68
0.66
0.68
0.79
1.32
0.63
0.63
0.80
0.79
0.98
0.99
0.87
0.86
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Acetone
Benzene*
Carbon tetrachloride*
Chloroform*
Cyclohexane
Dimethylformamide (DMF)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Ethanol
Ether (diethyl)
Ethyl acetate
Heptane
Hexane
Ligroin
Methanol
Methylene chloride
Pentane
Petroleum ether
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Pyridine
Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
Toluene
Xylenes
Solvents indicated in boldface type are flammable.
* Suspected carcinogen.
Atomic Mass Values
for Selected Elements
Aluminum
Boron
Bromine
Carbon
Chlorine
Fluorine
Hydrogen
Iodine
Lithium
Magnesium
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Potassium
Silicon
Sodium
Sulfur
26.98
10.81
79.90
12.01
35.45
18.99
1.008
126.9
6.941
24.30
14.01
15.99
30.97
39.09
28.09
22.99
32.07
Concentrated Acids and Bases
Reagent
Density (g/mL)
% Acid or base (by weight)
Molecular weight
Molarity of concentrated acid
or base
Normality of concentrated acid
or base
Volume of concentrated
reagent required to prepare
1 L of 1 M solution (ml)
Volume of concentrated
reagent required to prepare
1 L of 10% solution (ml)*
Molarity of a 10% solution*
* Percent solutions by weight.
HCI
1.18
37.3
36.47
12
12
HNO
3
1.41
70.0
63.02
16
16
H
2
SO
4
1.84
96.5
98.08
18
36
HCOOH
1.20
90.0
46.03
23.4
23.4
CH
3
COOH
1.06
99.7
60.05
17.5
17.5
NH
3
(NH
4
OH)
0.90
29.0
17.03
15.3
15.3
83
227
2.74
64
101
1.59
56
56
1.02
42
93
2.17
58
95
1.67
65
384
5.87
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A Microscale
Approach
Organic
Laboratory
Techniques
FiFth Edition
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