Practical Watchmaking for the Use of Apprentices and Amateurs by Vigniaux Watchmaker of Toulouse 2nd edn 1802 tr by Richard Watkins (2011).pdf

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Vigniaux
Practical
Watchmaking
Translated By
Richard Watkins
Vigniaux Practical Watchmaking
© Copyright 2011, Richard Watkins, Kingston, Tasmania
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Vigniaux Practical Watchmaking
Contents
Translator’s Foreword .......................................................................................................................... 11
Preface ...................................................................................................................................................... 15
Part One. ................................................................................................................................................... 17
Chapter One: The Watchmaker’s Workshop. .................................................................................. 17
Chapter II: Tools Necessary for a Watchmaker. ............................................................................. 17
Chapter III: Steel.................................................................................................................................. 20
Annealing Steel............................................................................................................................. 20
Hardening Steel. ........................................................................................................................... 20
Chapter IV: Brass. ............................................................................................................................... 21
Chapter V: The File and the Turns................................................................................................... 21
Chapter VI: Tools for the Turns. ........................................................................................................ 22
Bows. .............................................................................................................................................. 22
Gravers. ......................................................................................................................................... 22
Square Gravers to Make Recesses............................................................................................. 23
Chapter VII: The Turns. Pl. 6, Fig.1. ............................................................................................... 23
To Make a Ferrule. ...................................................................................................................... 24
To Make Turning Arbors and Stems. ........................................................................................ 24
To Turn the Points of Turning Arbors....................................................................................... 25
To Preserve the Points of Arbors. .............................................................................................. 25
To Finish Arbors. ......................................................................................................................... 25
To Fix a Part on an Arbor........................................................................................................... 26
To Smooth a Part with Four or Eight Sides on the Turns..................................................... 26
Putty............................................................................................................................................... 26
To Polish Arbors on the Turns. .................................................................................................. 26
Chapter VIII: Drills.............................................................................................................................. 27
To Form the Tips of Drills Properly. ......................................................................................... 27
Pivot Broaches. ............................................................................................................................. 28
Method of Boring Various Parts of Brass and Steel, such as Canons & Canon
Pinions ................................................................................................................................... 29
Method of Correcting a Part with a Sharp Hammer............................................................... 29
To Correct a Part with a Round Pean Hammer...................................................................... 29
Chapter IX: Various Methods of Soldering, and Various Types of Solder Used in
Watchmaking................................................................................................................................ 30
Silver Solder................................................................................................................................... 30
How to Make Third and Quarter Silver Solder........................................................................ 31
Tin Solder. ..................................................................................................................................... 31
Tin Solder with Sulphate of Ammonia...................................................................................... 31
Tin Solder with Oil and Sulphate of Ammonia. ...................................................................... 31
Solder with Tin, Water and Sulphate of Ammonia................................................................. 31
To Make Tin Solder...................................................................................................................... 31
Chapter X: Smoothing and Polishing Steel. ..................................................................................... 32
Polishing Steel. ............................................................................................................................. 32
Chapter XI: Choice of Compounds to Smooth and Polish Brass................................................... 32
Rotten-Stone and its Preparation.............................................................................................. 32
Charcoal to Polish Brass. ............................................................................................................ 33
To Smooth Brass. ......................................................................................................................... 33
To Polish Brass. ........................................................................................................................... 33
Burnishing Steel and Brass. ....................................................................................................... 33
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Vigniaux Practical Watchmaking
Chapter XII: Screw Plates. ................................................................................................................. 34
Taps. .............................................................................................................................................. 34
To Recess the Heads of Screws. ................................................................................................. 35
Chapter XIII: Square Punch Tools and Riveting Punches. ............................................................ 36
Files and how to Fix Handles. ................................................................................................... 36
Chapter XIV: Pins. ............................................................................................................................... 37
Part Two.................................................................................................................................................... 39
Chapter One: The Rough Movement. ................................................................................................ 39
Chapter II: Calibres. ............................................................................................................................ 40
How to Draw a Calibre Based on a Piece Already Made....................................................... 40
Chapter III: To Mount a Frame. ........................................................................................................ 40
Method of Making the Plates. .................................................................................................... 40
To Make the Recess for the Center Wheel................................................................................ 41
The Barrette.................................................................................................................................. 41
To Round the Ends of Pillars ..................................................................................................... 42
The Pillars..................................................................................................................................... 42
The Top Plate. .............................................................................................................................. 42
To Rivet the Pillars. ..................................................................................................................... 42
Chapter IV: The Wheels...................................................................................................................... 43
The First Wheel............................................................................................................................ 43
The Center and Third Wheels.................................................................................................... 43
The Contrate Wheel..................................................................................................................... 43
The Teeth. ..................................................................................................................................... 44
To Cross the Center Wheel. ........................................................................................................ 44
Crossing and the Arms of the Contrate Wheel. ....................................................................... 44
How to Make a Balance. ............................................................................................................. 44
The Size of Pinions....................................................................................................................... 45
Method of Making the Center Pinion. ....................................................................................... 45
To Center a Pinion. ...................................................................................................................... 45
To Thin Pinions of 10 and 12..................................................................................................... 45
To Polish Pinions. ........................................................................................................................ 46
To Smooth and Polish the Shoulders and Stems of Pinions. ................................................ 46
Stems. ............................................................................................................................................ 47
Method of Facing Pinions with Oil Stone. ................................................................................ 47
Method of Polishing Pinion Faces with Putty or Rouge. ........................................................ 47
To Rivet the Center Wheel onto its Pinion. .............................................................................. 48
To Put the Center Wheel in the Frame, and to Take the Height at which it is
Necessary to Make the Pivot. ............................................................................................. 48
To Make the Pivot of the Center Wheel and Others............................................................... 48
Chapter V: The Fusee and the Pieces of which it is Made. ........................................................... 49
To Make the Arbor of the Fusee. ............................................................................................... 49
Method of Roughing Out the Fusee and Soldering it to its Arbor......................................... 49
To Recess the First Wheel. ......................................................................................................... 50
The Spring of Click-and-Ratchet Work...................................................................................... 50
The Click........................................................................................................................................ 50
The Fusee Ratchet. ...................................................................................................................... 50
The Small Recess to receive the Fusee Collet. ......................................................................... 50
How to make the Pivots of the Fusee Arbor. ........................................................................... 51
The Fusee Cock. ........................................................................................................................... 51
The Fusee Beak............................................................................................................................ 51
The Chain Guard. ........................................................................................................................ 51
Functions of the Chain Guard.................................................................................................... 51
The Space between the First Wheel and the Center Wheel.................................................. 51
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Vigniaux Practical Watchmaking
Chapter VI: The Third Wheel, its Pinion, and the Contrate Wheel............................................. 52
The Pinion of the Third Wheel. .................................................................................................. 52
Files to Thin Pinions of Six and Seven. .................................................................................... 52
Method of Thinning Pinions of Six or Seven. ............................................................................ 52
How to Round Pinions of Six or Seven....................................................................................... 52
Method of making the Seat to be Placed on the Stem of a Pinion........................................ 53
Method of Soldering a Seat to a Pinion..................................................................................... 53
Precautions to Take when Hardening Pinions and Verges. .................................................. 53
To Polish Stems in the Turns..................................................................................................... 53
To Rivet the Third Wheel onto its Seat. ................................................................................... 53
How to Make the Pivots of the Third Wheel, and Put it in the Frame. .............................. 54
The Pinion of the Contrate Wheel. ............................................................................................ 54
The Barrette for the Contrate Wheel. ....................................................................................... 54
Chapter VII: How to make a Barrel, and all the Parts of which it is composed........................ 55
The Barrel. .................................................................................................................................... 55
Method of Recessing the Barrel.................................................................................................. 55
The Barrel Lid. ............................................................................................................................. 56
The Barrel Arbor. ......................................................................................................................... 56
To Take the Height between the Shoulders of the Barrel and its Lid................................. 56
How to Put the Barrel in the Frame. ........................................................................................ 56
How to Make the Square on the Barrel Arbor. ........................................................................ 56
The Ratchet................................................................................................................................... 56
How to Make a Tool to Divide the Teeth of a Ratchet, and how to Use it.......................... 57
The Click........................................................................................................................................ 57
Chapter VIII: The Potence and the Counter-Potence. .................................................................... 57
The Boot of the Potence............................................................................................................... 58
The Counter-Potence.................................................................................................................... 58
The Pinion of the Verge Escape Wheel. .................................................................................... 58
Chapter IX: The Cock on the Top Plate............................................................................................ 59
Method of Making the Slide. ....................................................................................................... 59
The Rack........................................................................................................................................ 59
The Location of the Slide. ........................................................................................................... 60
The Rosette Wheel. ...................................................................................................................... 60
The Rosette. .................................................................................................................................. 60
Method of Placing the Cock......................................................................................................... 60
The Coqueret................................................................................................................................. 60
Chapter X: The Method of Making the Motion-Work...................................................................... 61
How to Make the Pinion of the Canon Pinion.......................................................................... 61
The Intermediate Wheel. ............................................................................................................ 62
The Canon of the Hour Wheel. ................................................................................................... 62
Chapter XI: The Verge......................................................................................................................... 62
How to Rough Out the Verge, Pl. 8, Fig. 31, 32, 33, 34. ....................................................... 63
The Seat of the Verge................................................................................................................... 63
To Assemble the Rough Movement. .......................................................................................... 64
Part Three. ............................................................................................................................................... 65
Chapter One: Finishing in General. .................................................................................................. 65
Chapter II: Various Numbers of the Teeth of Wheels and the Leaves of Pinions. .................... 66
The Numbers of Teeth and Pinions. ......................................................................................... 66
Number of Teeth of the Wheels and Leaves of the Pinions, to Have a Fusee of
Seven and a Half Steps, so that the Watch Gives 17280 Vibrations Per
Hour........................................................................................................................................ 66
Calculation of the Turns of each Wheel, and the Number of Vibrations which the
Watch makes per Hour........................................................................................................ 66
Number of Teeth and Pinions of Seven to have a Fusee of Six Steps, and a Verge
Escape Wheel of Thirteen Teeth. ....................................................................................... 66
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