harmproj7.pdf

(1782 KB) Pobierz
This report contains the collective views of an international group of experts and does not
necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization, the
International Labour Organization or the United Nations Environment Programme.
Harmonization Project Document 7
ASSESSMENT OF COMBINED EXPOSURES TO MULTIPLE
CHEMICALS: REPORT OF A WHO/IPCS INTERNATIONAL
WORKSHOP ON AGGREGATE/CUMULATIVE RISK
ASSESSMENT
This project was conducted within the IPCS project on the Harmonization of Approaches to
the Assessment of Risk from Exposure to Chemicals.
Published under the joint sponsorship of the World Health Organization, the International
Labour Organization and the United Nations Environment Programme, and produced within
the framework of the Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of
Chemicals.
The
International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS),
established in 1980, is a joint venture
of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the International Labour Organization (ILO)
and the World Health Organization (WHO). The overall objectives of the IPCS are to establish the
scientific basis for assessment of the risk to human health and the environment from exposure to
chemicals, through international peer review processes, as a prerequisite for the promotion of
chemical safety, and to provide technical assistance in strengthening national capacities for the sound
management of chemicals.
The
Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)
was
established in 1995 by UNEP, ILO, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
WHO, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the United Nations Institute for
Training and Research and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(Participating Organizations), following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conference on
Environment and Development to strengthen cooperation and increase coordination in the field of
chemical safety. The purpose of the IOMC is to promote coordination of the policies and activities
pursued by the Participating Organizations, jointly or separately, to achieve the sound management of
chemicals in relation to human health and the environment.
WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
Assessment of combined exposures to multiple chemicals: report of a WHO/IPCS international
workshop on aggregate/cumulative risk assessment.
(IPCS harmonization project document ; no. 7)
1.Chemical contamination. 2.Environmental exposure. 3.Risk assessment - standards. 4.Hazardous
substances. 5.Toxicity tests. 6.Food additivies - toxicity. I.International Programme on Chemical
Safety. II.Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals. III.Series.
ISBN 978 92 4 156383 3
(NLM classification: QT 140)
© World Health Organization 2009
All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization can be obtained from WHO
Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791
3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail:
bookorders@who.int).
Requests for permission to reproduce or
translate WHO publications—whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution—should be
addressed to WHO Press at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; e-mail:
permissions@who.int).
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply
the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning
the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the
delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for
which there may not yet be full agreement.
The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they
are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar
nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are
distinguished by initial capital letters.
All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the
information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed
without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and
use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for
damages arising from its use.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD .............................................................................................................................1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................................................2
MEMBERS OF THE PLANNING GROUP FOR THE WHO/IPCS INTERNATIONAL
WORKSHOP ON AGGREGATE/CUMULATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT.............................3
WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS................................................................................................4
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS .....................................................................................................5
LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................8
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .....................................................................................................10
ASSESSMENT OF COMBINED EXPOSURES TO MULTIPLE CHEMICALS: REPORT
OF A WHO/IPCS INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON AGGREGATE/CUMULATIVE
RISK ASSESSMENT..............................................................................................................11
M.E. Meek, A.R. Boobis, K.M. Crofton, G. Heinemeyer, J. Kleiner, B.-O. Lund, S. Olin,
S. Pavittranon, C. Rodriguez, M. Van Raaij, C. Vickers and N. Waight-Sharma
APPENDIX A: WORKSHOP ABSTRACTS .........................................................................17
WHO/IPCS International Workshop on Aggregate/Cumulative Risk Assessment:
Overview..................................................................................................................................18
K.M. Crofton
Principles of aggregate exposure assessment ..........................................................................23
M.T.M. Van Raaij
Aggregate exposure to industrial chemicals and other contaminants: Assessment of
environmental exposure ...........................................................................................................26
T. Vermeire
Aggregate/cumulative risk of exposure to pesticides ..............................................................31
V.L. Dellarco
Cumulative risk assessment: Principles and concepts .............................................................38
A.R. Boobis
Cumulative risk assessment of anticholinesterase pesticides (organophosphates and
carbamates) in the United Kingdom ........................................................................................42
I. Dewhurst
Cumulative concepts: The dioxin toxic equivalency factor (TEF) concept ............................44
A. Tritscher
iii
Harmonization Project Document No. 7
Screening-level risk assessment of mixtures—an example: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
(PBDEs) ...................................................................................................................................49
M. Albert, K. Hughes and M.E. Meek
Use of biomarkers of effect in the evaluation of cumulative exposure: Nephrotoxicity of
solvents at the workplace .........................................................................................................55
I. Mangelsdorf
Combination toxicity: Evaluating chemical mixtures when common mode of action
assumptions do not apply.........................................................................................................59
L.K. Teuschler
Mixtures risk assessment in public health practice..................................................................64
C.T. De Rosa and M.M. Mumtaz
Flavours in the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives................................69
J.C. Larsen
iv

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika:

Zgłoś jeśli naruszono regulamin