Zestaw I:
I.
1. What are the main parts of the body?
Eyes, ears, nose, mouth, tongue, head, neck, shoulders, chest, stomach, arms, legs etc.
2. Explain the triage procedure.
Triage is a procedure we use to prioritize emergency care and identify patients who need immediate medical attention because of the nature or severity of their injury or illness. Triage is done in emergency rooms, disasters, and wars, when limited medical resources must be allocated to maximize the number of survivors.
II.
1. To sprain ankle.
Skręcić kostkę
2. A coma.
Śpiączka
3. Leki znieczulające.
Anesthetics
4. Wdechy resuscytacyjne.
Rescue breaths
5. Substancje żrące.
Caustic substances
6. The body temperature higher than 37,2’C is known as pyrexia.
Temperatura ciała powyżej 37,2 nazywana jest gorączką.
7. When giving artificial ventilation make a film seal so that your breath does not escape sideways.
Podczas sztucznego oddychania uszczelnij folię tak by oddech nie uciekał na boki.
8. We must apply antibiotic ointment to this wound.
Musimy zastosować maść z antybiotykiem na tę ranę.
9. Wiem, że to niewygodne, ale wąsy tlenowe ułatwią Panu oddychanie.
I know it's uncomfortable, but nasal cannula makes it easier for you to breathe.
10. Od kiedy Pan gorączkuje?
How long do you have a fever?
III.
1. /problem/a/to be/seems/What/?
What seems to be a problem?
2. /can/your/me/you/Please/if/open/hear/eyes/.
Please, if you hear me open your eyes.
Zestaw II:
1. What are the main parts of the face?
Eye, nose, mouth, ear, cheek, chin, nostril, eyebrow, eyelid, eyelash, lips.
2. Explain term ‘Glasgow Coma Scale’.
The Glasgow Coma Scale is the most common scoring system used to describe the level of consciousness in a person following a traumatic brain injury. Eye response, verbal response, and motor response are tested. For each of these tests, the patient receives a score, with the minimum being 1 for no response. The total for the three tests gives the patient’s GCS score.
1. To lose consciousness.
Stracić przytomność
2. Dyspnoea.
Duszności
3. Leki p/bólowe.
Painkillers
4. Dyspozytor pogotowia.
Emergency dispatcher
5. Karetka.
Ambulance
6. Body temperature below 36,3’C is called subnormal.
Temperatura ciała poniżej 36,3 nazywana jest nieprawidłową.
7. Avoid taking pulse with your thumb because it has its own pulse and can confuse your reading.
Nie sprawdzaj pulsu kciukiem, ponieważ ma on własny puls i może zmylić odczyt.
8. It is necessary to give antihypertensives.
Należy podać leki na nadciśnienie.
9. Odliczę do trzech i przeniesiemy Pana na deskę ortopedyczną.
I will count to three and move you on the backboard.
10. Czy to jest ból ciągły, czy nadchodzi i ustępuje?
Is the pain continuous or comes and disappears?
1. /most/What/discomfort/causing/you/is/?
What is most discomfort causing you?
2. /injection/intravenous/an/you/give/must/I/.
I must give you an incjection intravenous.
Zestaw III:
1. What are the main functions and diseases of the skin?
The skin provides protection from damage and entry of bacteria, regulates temperature, it is also an excretory and sensory organ. The important role of the skin is protecting against some injury. The skin acts as a barrier against the entry of microorganism, protects the body against chemicals in the environment an ultraviolet rays in the sunlight. The skin preventing rapid absorption or evaporation of water and electrolytes at the surface of the body. Another special function of the skin is secretion of ear wax by the external ear and sebum or oil by sebaceous glands. Main diseases of the skin are: skin melanoma, skin allergy/irritation, dermatitis/eczema.
2. Wound types and their treatment.
1) Lacerations – for treatment, tissue is first cleansed of any blood clots and foreign material, débribed and irrigated. Local anesthetic is administered and atraumatic technique of wound closure is employed, where wound margins are realigned with careful regard to prevention of any further crush injury to tissues. Sterile dressings are applied and immobilization is recommended for complex extremity wounds.
2) Abrasions – the wound is cleansed of any foreign material, sometimes employing a scrub brush to prevent traumatic tattooing by dirt and gravel, and should be performed within the first day of injury. Local anesthetic can be used for pain, however treatment of the wound is non-surgical, using moist dressings and a topical antibiotic to protect the wound and aid healing.
3) Contusions – these injuries generally require minimal care as there is no open wound. However, contusions should be evaluated for possible hematoma deep to the surface or other tissue injuries that may indicate more severe morbidity. An expanding hematoma can damage overlying skin and demands evacuation.
4) Avulsions – Injuries where a section of tissue is torn off, either partially or in total. In partial avulsions, the tissue is elevated but remains attached to the body. A total avulsion means that the tissue is completely torn from the body with no point of attachment. In the case of a partial avulsion where the torn tissue is still well-vascularized and viable, the tissue is gently cleansed and irrigated and the flap is reattached to its anatomical position with a few sutures. If the torn tissue is non-viable, it is often excised and the wound closed using a skin graft or local flap. In the case of a total avulsion, the tissue is often very thick and demands debulking and defattening methods before it can be regrafted. Major avulsions describe amputation of extremities, fingers, ears, nose, scalp or eyelids and require treatment by a replant team.
1. Zaaplikować czopek.
To insert of suppository
2. Bezdech.
Apnoea
3. Laxatives.
Środki przeczyszczające
4. Bags of blood.
Torebki z krwią
5. Disposable syringes.
Jednorazowe strzykawki
6. The best place to check the pulse of a baby is inside of the upper arm – midway between the shoulder and the elbow.
Najlepszym miejscem u dziecka na sprawdzenie tętna jest wewnętrzna część konczyny górnej – w połowie drogi miedzy ramieniem a łokciem.
7. Body temperature below 34’C is called hypothermia and the patient is in the state of collapse.
Temperatura ciała poniżej 34 nazywana jest hipotemią a pacjent jest w stanie śpiączki (zapaści).
8. You mustn’t eat anything after 6 p.m. – these investigations must be done on empty stomach.
Nie możesz nic jeść po 18 – badania te muszą być wykonane na czczo.
9. Znieczulenie za chwilę zacznie działać.
Anesthesia will start to act in a minute.
10. Pomogę Panu – proszę złapać mnie za rękę.
Let me help you - grab my hand, please.
1. /symptoms/did/When/these/appear/?
When did these symptoms appear?
2. /minutes/10/about/in/there/be/should/ambulance/The/.
The ambulance should be there about in 10 minutes.
Zestaw IV:
1. What internal organs does the thoracic cavity contain?
The main structures in the thorax are the heart, the lungs, the oesophagus and large blood vessels, such as aorta and pulmonary arteries.
2. Types of injections and their usage.
Injections are used in various forms. These include: intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intra-articular and intrathecal.
· Intradermal/intracutaneous injections are given between the layer of the skin. They are used for diagnostics purposes, e.g., to test for certain allergies.
· Subcutaneous/hypodermic injections are given just under the deep skin layer. They are used for small volume incjections of 1-2 ml, e.g. insulin is usually given subcutaneously.
· Intramuscular injections are introduced into the muscle. They are used when quicker absorption is required than by subcutaneous injections or when the drug is irritant to superficial tissues.
· Intravenous injections are introduced directly into the patient’s tein. They are used when a very rapid absorption is needed and when large volumes of drugs are given.
· Intra-articular injections are injections into a joint and may be used in the treatment of arthritis.
· Intrathecal injections are special low dose injections given into the cerebro-spinal fluid by means of a lumbar puncture. They are used when a drug cannot be absorbed into the cerebro-spinal fluid if administered in a...
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